Three verses of Qur'an that form a coherent philosophy of ‘ilm "علم" (knowledge) in Islam

Man has always been in the quest of knowing things. For this he collects Information / facts, to broaden his mental base of understanding things through learning, studying or even experience. The process of learning and knowing is what we call knowledge. Another word correlated to knowledge is wisdom, which is the ability to use that knowledge with good judgment, insight, and understanding to make sound decisions, seeing the bigger picture and long-term consequences, making wisdom a deeper application of knowledge. That means merely seeking knowledge and not applying it to one's handling of affair is meaningless. 

Knowledge is "knowing what", while wisdom is knowing "when and why" to use it, often gained through experience, reflection, and empathy, unlike knowledge which comes from books or study. 

 Knowledge encompasses both worldly knowledge and religious knowledge. It’s not about shunning the world and only seeking knowledge of the deen. Neither is it about seeking knowledge of the world without the guidance of faith.

In Islam, knowledge is known as 'ilm (Arabic علم). Seeking knowledge is thus mandatory for every believer, 999rrrrfor without learning, understanding, applying and passing on one's experience so gained to others. the cycle of 'ilm (knowledge) remains incomplete. No other religion or ideological thought emphasises seeking knowledge as an obligatory deed as Islam does. The Prophet of Islam Muhammad ﷺ said: “Seeking Knowledge is an obligation on every Muslim ( طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ ).”

The importance of seeking 'good' knowledge that adds to one's wisdom has been stressed upon at man a places in Al Qur'an. Today, we share three verses from three different surahs of Qur'an and will try to know how these form a coherent Qur’anic philosophy of ‘ilm (knowledge). This we would do by asking three questions in sequence which will build a base for selecting three verses that answer our queries. These questions are:

• What does true knowledge do?
• Who truly possesses it?
• What inner state does it produce?

Based on the above three questions, let us see how do the following three verses (side by side) answer our queries:

• Surah Saba 34:6: “Those who have been given knowledge see that what has been sent down to you from your Lord is the Truth, and that it guides to the path of the Mighty, the Praiseworthy.”
• Surah Az-Zumar 39:9: “Say: Are those who know equal to those who do not know?”
• Surah Fatir 35:28: “Only those of His servants who have knowledge truly fear Allah.”

The Qur’an’s three-step definition of knowledge

The above quoted verses mean:

• The intellectual recognition (36:6) which leads to a believer to find and understand the truth
• The verse 39:9 brings about the moral distinctions between a knower and non-knower.
• Finding and knowing the truth has its spiritual outcome in the form of  Reverent awe (khashyah)

Together these show that ‘ilm is not neutral — it necessarily transforms perception, rank, and character.

Explanation of each verse

• If knowledge does not clarify truth, it is defective knowledge. The verse 36:6 stresses upon gaining knowledge as recognition (Basīrah) - recognizing the truth by seeing for knowledge here produces clarity, not confusion. The knowledge gained through reading and understanding Al Qur'an leads us to accept it as Al Haqq (The Complete truth) which leads us to following it.
• Knowledge helps us to differentiate between the truth and falsehood. The verse (49:9) thus dismantles the idea that ignorance and knowledge produce the same outcomes.
• Knowledge as reverent fear (Khashyah): This part of the Islamic philosophy of 'ilm needs to be understood in depth, for there is difference between fearing Allah because He will punish those who do not follow His path and reverent fear for more one knows Allah’s signs, power, and order, the more restrained and humble one becomes. Khashyah, thus, is not panic; it is awe grounded in understanding.

* Note: Scroll down to have an in depth explanation of "reverent fear / Khashah) and panic driven fear,

How the three verses complete each other

If we follow the logical flow , we would come to know that:

• Knowledge allows you to recognize truth (36:6) - Knowledge of Qur'an leads us to know Qur’an is not anti-intellect — it is anti-arrogant intellect.
• That recognition sets you apart (39:9)
• That distinction produces humility and obedience (35:28)

That is if any step is missing, the Qur’anic definition of knowledge collapses.

What the wise deduce from the comparison

The Qur’anic axiom: Knowledge that does not lead to truth-recognition, moral distinction, and reverent humility is not ‘ilm in the Qur’anic sense.

This explains: (1) Why advanced civilizations can still collapse (Surah Saba), (2) Why worship without understanding is shallow (39:9 context) and (3) Why information without humility breeds arrogance (35:28)

One-line synthesis

True knowledge sees the truth (34:6), elevates the knower (39:9), and humbles the heart (35:28).

How khashyah differs from fear in the Qur’an

We made a mention of reverent awe (Khashyah) above and herein under is its detailed explanation and comparison with panic driven fear /khawf خوف.

The Qur’an uses multiple words for fear, but they are not interchangeable. Among them, khashyah (خشية) occupies a unique and elevated position. Understanding this difference is essential to understanding Qur’anic spirituality and knowledge.

• Basic distinction
• Fear خَوف (khawf) - The basic form for "fear" meaning fear or apprehension. It also mean being dreaded or terrorized. Fear stems from a threat, danger or harm and is instinctive and emotional state of a person. It is generally because of one's weakness or uncertainty which makes one flee or hide to evade the chances of being harmed. Fear in Islam may mean fear of being thrown into the hell fire on the day of Judgement for one's sins and wrong doings committed in the worldly life.
• khashyah (خشية) - This form of fear stems from the awareness of greatness of the Lord of the World which one learns through knowledge and recognition. When one understand the awe of the Divine fear based on one's intellect and understanding, it draws one closer to one's Creator rather than running away for then one knows that in reverent fear is hidden the mercy of Allah. Such form of fear is restricted to people of knowledge (35:28).
• Linguistic root difference
• Fear (khawf – خوف): The root meaning is to be afraid of loss or harm. It is shared by humans, animals, even children. It can be be irrational, impulsive, or temporary.
• Khashyah (خشية): The root meaning is to fear due to awareness of magnitude. It is always connected to recognition, not instinct. It cannot exist without understanding who Allah is. This is why the Qur’an says: "إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ Only those of His servants who have knowledge truly fear Allah" 
• Psychological difference
  • Fear (khawf) Produces panic or avoidance and can paralyze action - but may disappear when danger seems gone
  • Khashyah on the other hand produces moral vigilance, deepens obedience and increases consistency, not anxiety
  • Psychological Difference: When one is fraught with fear of danger, the impulsive action tells the man, or even other living beings, to run, Khashyah says: “Be careful; you are before the Majestic.”

Knowledge as the condition of khashyah

This verse (35:28) does not say: (1) The most emotional fear Allah, or (2) The most anxious fear Allah. Rather it says: "The most knowledgeable fear Allah — with khashyah"

This implies that the more deeply one understands Allah’s power, justice, mercy, and order, the more careful, restrained, and humble one becomes.

Qur’anic usage pattern

• Fear (khawf) can be attributed to: Believers and disbelievers related to Worldly dangers and Shayṭān’s whispers (3:175)
• Khashyah is almost always linked to Allah, praised, never condemned and induces into man as a fruit of knowledge

Why the Qur’an prefers khashyah

It is because Allah does not want: (1) Terror without understanding, (2) Obedience born of panic. Instead it is expected of believer Submission rooted in recognition of truth and that hearts that are softened, not shattered

This aligns with: knowledge sees the truth (34:6), knowledge distinguishes (39:9) and knowledge produces khashyah (35:28) - that is Fear reacts to danger; khashyah responds to greatness.

Prophetic insight

The Prophet ﷺ said: “I am the one who knows Allah most among you, and I am the one who has the most khashyah of Him.”

This directly ties Knowledge with khashyah and Ignorance with fear.

Final reflection

• A person ruled by fear asks: “How do I escape punishment?”
• A person shaped by khashyah asks: “How do I remain worthy before the One who sees me?”

That is why the Qur’an elevates khashyah — and reserves it for those who truly know.

Thus Khashyah is the ultimate of knowledge with stems from acquiring knowledge, reflecting over Qur'an and understanding what and why Allah is saying something. Those who finally understand the end result are the ones who will finally succeed both in this world and the hereafter.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

Photo | Resource References: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

For more Q&A about Understanding Islam, please refer to our reference page: Understanding Islam - Frequently asked Q&A. You may also refer to our refference page: Scholars' Viewpoint on important issue related to Islam to know more about Islam.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

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Learn How Surah Az-Zumar 39:2 and Surah 112. Al-Ikhlāṣ form the theological & practical foundation of Islam

Tawḥīd (Absolute Oneness of God)  is the Core Foundation of Islam. We have already published a number of posts on Tawhid to better understand its concept. Today we just in few words explain what does Tawhid means and how 2nd verse of Surah 2. Az Zumar and the  Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ, 112th Surah of Al Qur'an together form the theological and practical foundation of Islam. 

What Tawhid means

Islam affirms that: (1) Allah is One in His essence (“Say: He is Allah, One.” (112:1)"), (2) Allah is One in His attributes, and that (3) Allah alone deserves worship 

Comparison of Surah Az-Zumar 39:2 and Surah 112. Al-Ikhlāṣ

The 2nd verse of Surah 39. Az Zumar and all four verses of Surah 112. Al-Ikhlāṣ when read in conjunction with each other give out a clear theological and practical foundation of Islam. 

Below is a clear, thematic comparison of Surah Az-Zumar 39:2 and Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ (112:1–4), showing how together they form the theological and practical foundation of Islam. However, before reading their comparison, may  we ask you to read our previous posts for better understanding of their comparison, the links given below:

• A verse from Al Qur’an that gives out the Mission Statement of Islam
• Sürah 112.  Al Ikhlas (The Declaration of [God's] Oneness)

The Two Texts (Core Meaning)

Surah Az-Zumar 39:2 reads: “Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book with the truth, so worship Allah, making the religion sincere for Him.”

The above quoted 2nd verse of Surah Az Zumar Focuses on:

• Purpose of revelation of Al Qur'an
• How Allah must be worshipped
• Requirement of sincerity (ikhlāṣ)

Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ (112) is a short four versed Surah that proclaims: (1) “Say: He is Allah, One, (2) Allah, the Self-Sufficient, (3) He neither begets nor is begotten, and that (4) And none is comparable to Him.”

Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ thus focuses on: (1) Who Allah is, (2) Allah’s absolute uniqueness, and (3) Rejection of all forms of association

Core Relationship Between the Two

A deep reflection lets us know that:

• Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ defines Allah, while Surah Az Zumar 39:2 defines our response to Allah.
• Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ answers “Who is Allah?” and Surah Az Zumar 39:2 tells us “How should we worship Him?” 

Summarizing the comparison side by side, it emerges that:

• Primary role of 39:2 (Az-Zumar) is Practical command, while that of Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ is Doctrinal definition
• Central message of 39:2 (Az-Zumar) is to Worship Allah with sincerity, while Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ proclaims absolute Oneness of Allah.
• The Audience of 39:2 (Az-Zumar) are the Believers in practice, while that of Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ are All humanity in belief
• 39:2 (Az-Zumar) focuses on Intention and devotion, while Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ has its focus on the Essence and attributes of Allah.
• Type of Tawḥīd: 39:2 (Az-Zumar)  focuses on Tawḥīd al-‘ibādah, while Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ stresses on Tawḥīd al-asmā’ waṣ-ṣifāt
• The Purpose of 39:2 (Az-Zumar) is Correct worship while that of Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ is Correct belief.

How both the 2nd verse of Surah Az Zumar and Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ  Complete Each Other

Since both complement each other, one has to follow both in true letter and spirit, for in the absence of one, the equation remains incomplete. Let us see how:

• Belief without sincerity is incomplete: One may believe Allah is One (Ikhlāṣ) - but but worship for show, culture, or ego greatly influence our true belief. That is why 39:2 corrects the our intention.
• Sincerity without correct belief is misdirected: 
• One may worship sincerely, yet worship the wrong concept of God (that is believing in associates or even parallels of God). That is why Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ corrects the object of our worship "Say Allah is One"). 
• And when read in conjunction of each other, both eliminate all forms of shirk. That is Shirk in belief  is corrected by Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ, while 2nd verse of Surah Az Zumar cures Shirk in worship & intention .

Verses in Al Qur'an that Reinforce the Pair

We come across many a verse in AL Qur'an which carry the same theme and reinforce the theme of the pair. Some relevant verses are shared herein under:

• “They were commanded only to worship Allah, sincere to Him in religion.” (98:5)
• “Say: My prayer, sacrifice, life and death are for Allah alone.” (6:162)
• (42:11) "The Originator of the heavens and the earth..."

Verses (98:5 and 6:162) echo 39:2, while verses like 42:11 echo Al-Ikhlāṣ.

Correlation with Hadith

The Prophet ﷺ said: “Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ equals one-third of the Qur’an.” (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī).

Some of the Scholars explain that: One third deals with Who Allah is, One third with commands and One third with Hereafter.

Thus 39:2 represents the command side that flows directly from Al-Ikhlāṣ.

Practical Application 

• In belief: (1) Reject all false images of God, and (2) Reject intermediaries, partners, comparisons
• In practice: (1) Pray without showing off, (2) Give charity without recognition, (3) Seek knowledge for Allah, not status

In nutshell, the comparison of both the 2nd verse of Surah Az Zumar and Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ together protect faith from: (1) Hypocrisy, (2) Ritualism, (3) Cultural Islam, and (4) Philosophical distortion. That is Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ defines Allah’s absolute oneness, while Surah 39:2 demands that this oneness be reflected in pure, sincere worship—together forming the heart of Islamic faith and practice.

In essence, 39:2 is the instruction to practice sincere monotheism, while Surah 112 defines exactly what that unique, singular God is like, ensuring worship is directed to the correct, incomparable entity. They reinforce the central theme of Islam: there is no god but Allah, and religion must be exclusively devoted to Him.

Note: 

• The above comparison is a personal reflection for academic purpose. Readers are free to agree or disagree with what has been written. However, it is requested that in case of disagreement, please leave your point of view in the comment box at the end of the post.
• The comparison is given in point form which easily explain our viewpoint. However, those want a deeper reflection, may ponder over information available on the social media.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah 39. Az-Zumar (The Throngs) already published

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Resources: Personal reflection and explanation on the subject avail on ChatGPT and Google

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

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A Parable in Al Qur’an depicting Tug of War between Shirk and Tawḥīd

The tug of war between the evil and the good continues since time immemorial. The Satanic forces are always trying to pull man from going toward good or the righteous path. But despite all its force and strength, the evil is bound to fall for there is no replacement of the truth.

At many a places in Qur'an, the last of the four Divine scriptures,  man has been cautioned not to follow the footsteps of the evil and any deviatory tactics of the Satan and continue to follow the path shown by none other than the sole Lord of the world, who is free from any associates and relations. The push and pull between the shirk and the Tawhid has been mentioned many a times in Al Qur'an - of one of these we share today which is mentioned as a parable in the 29th verse of Surah 39 Az Zumar

ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلًا رَّجُلًا فِيۡهِ شُرَكَآءُ مُتَشٰكِسُوۡنَ وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِّرَجُلٍ ؕ هَلۡ يَسۡتَوِيٰنِ مَثَلًا ​ؕ اَلۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰهِ ​ ۚ بَلۡ اَكۡثَرُهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُوۡنَ‏ 

(39:29) Allah propounds a parable: there is a man whose ownership is shared by several quarrelsome masters, each pulling him to himself; and there is another who is exclusively owned by one man. Can the two be alike? All praise and thanks be to Allah. But most of them are unaware.

This verse is a powerful parable (mathal) that explains tawḥīd (oneness of Allah) in the clearest human terms. It appeals not to theology alone, but to common sense and lived experience.

Context within Surah Az-Zumar

The essence of Surah Az-Zumar is Pure devotion (ikhlāṣ) and Rejection of shirk (associating partners with Allah) In fact the Surah clarifies the belief in One True God intellectually since “Most of them do not believe in Allah except while associating others with Him.” (39:38). Thus verse 39:29 explains why shirk is irrational and oppressive.

The Parable Explained

A detailed explanation of this parable by one of the leading Muslim scholar and exegete can be read from our post: Surah Az Zumar - The Companies: Exegesis / Tafsir of 39th Chapter of the Holy Qur'an

Herein under, we explain each segment of the verse in brief for ease of understanding.

• “A man owned by several quarrelling masters…”
• Imagine the plight of man who worships many gods, thus following conflicting ideologies and trying to please different authorities. When there so many pulls over a man, he is bound to live restlessly under contradictory commands.
• Such a situation and orientation is bound to result in utter confusion, anxiety, constant tension of pleasing whom or whom not, and living a destabilized life.
• This is the psychological state of shirk.
• “And another man owned wholly by one master…”
• This the true believer devoted to Allah alone which means one clear authority, ne moral compass and one ultimate purpose.
• Such an approach and faith leads clarity, inner peace, well defined direction and harmonized approach to life.
• This is the psychological and spiritual state of Tawḥīd.
• “Are they equal in comparison?”
• This is a rhetorical question, and the answer is obvious for no rational person would say they are equal.
• The Qur’an argues Tawḥīd through reason, not compulsion.
• With the clear direction and one Master to turn to, man finds peace of mind and heart and is sure to be blessed for One True God never abandons those who trust and worship Him.

Explanation of the parable by Ibn Kathir

The 14th century Muslim scholar and exegete of Al Qur'an interprets this verse as a powerful analogy demonstrating the logical absurdity of polytheism and the inherent superiority and rationality of pure monotheism (Tawhid). The Key Points of Ibn Kathir on interpretation of the parable are as under:

• Unequal Comparison: The verse emphasizes that these two individuals are not equal; the idolater, bound by conflicting loyalties, cannot be compared to the focused, unified believer.
• Universal Truth: The parable serves as a clear, rational proof (hujjah) for the Oneness of Allah (Tawhid) and the falsehood of polytheism, a truth accessible to human reason.
• Human Ignorance: Despite the obviousness of this comparison, "most of them do not know" (bl) means most people remain heedless and fail to understand this fundamental distinction, leading them to associate partners with Allah.
• Allah's Proof: The verse concludes with "Praise be to Allah!" (Alhamdulillah) for establishing such a clear proof against those who commit shirk (polytheism). 

Why this parable is so effective

The parable points towards clarity rather than confusion - responsibility rather than indecisiveness to please who. This parable, thus:

• Speaks to human experience: For everyone understands the Workplace conflicts, Conflicting bosses, and Multiple pressures.  Through the concept of Tawhid, Allah uses everyday logic to explain faith.
• Exposes shirk as oppression:
• For Shirk is not just a “belief error” — it is: Mental slavery, Emotional exhaustion, Moral chaos
• Whereas Tawḥīd is: Liberation from multiple masters, Stability in approach, and Dignity in worshipping One True God without any associates.

* Read more about Shirk and Tawhid from our reference pages:

• Understanding Shirk - Grave sin of Associating Partners with Allah (Reference Page)
• One of the most comprehensive verses of the Quran on doctrine of Tawhid

Connection with other Qur’anic verses

Herein under are some supporting verses from AL Qur'an based on the same theme of the parable mentioned above:

• 12:39: “Are many lords better, or Allah, the One, the Overwhelming?”
• 21:22: “Had there been gods besides Allah, the heavens and the earth would have been corrupted.”
• 16:75: Allah sets forth a parable: There is one who is a slave and is owned by another and has no power over anything; and there is one whom We have granted good provision Ourselves, of which he spends both secretly and openly. Can they be equal? All praise be to Allah. But most of them do not even know (this simple fact)

All verses mentioned above reinforce the same rational argument.

Practical relevance today

This verse applies beyond idol worship:

• Modern “masters” include: Wealth, Status, Ideology, People’s approval, Ego, and Social pressures. Thus Serving many “masters” leads to: Stress, Burnout, Identity crisis, 
• Serving One Lord leads to: Inner peace, Moral clarity and directed approach tom life and clarity of Purpose.

Why the verse ends with praise of Allah (“All praise is for Allah, but most of them do not know.”)

It is because: The truth is clear, The argument is simple and that Rejection comes from ignorance or arrogance, not lack of evidence

In nutshell, Surah 39:29 teaches that worshipping many authorities leads to confusion and bondage, while devotion to one Lord brings clarity, peace, and true freedom. Let us then steer our lives and set our course clear to one well defined path as shown to us by Al Qur'an. Let no diversionary forces force us to deviate from the true enlightened path that lead us to realizing that there is no god but God and to Him we will return one day. If we make our choice well, we will be among the most blessed on the Dya of Judgement, In Sha Allah.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah 39. Az-Zumar (The Throngs) already published. You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Understanding Tawḥīd in Islam - The Oneness of God to understand the concept in detail.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Google | ChatGPT

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

A verse from Al Qur’an that gives out the Mission Statement of Islam

This world and the entire universe was created by the Lord of the worlds for nothing else except to reflect on the purpose of His creations and to worship none other than He, for no one can ever fathom the Divine wisdom nor can be thankful to Him. This has been the sole purpose of Divine Scriptures that were revealed to the selected prophets so than mankind know how to be thankful to Him by worshipping none other than He.

Like other Divine Scriptures (that is Psalms, Torah and the Gospel), the core theme of AL Qur'an is exactly the same: Serving only Allah, consecrating our devotion to Him. Although, this message is repeated time and again throughout Al Qur'an, we share today the 2nd verse of Surah Az-Zumar (39:2) which gives out the exact mission statement of Islam, given herein under along with its explanation:

اِنَّاۤ اَنۡزَلۡنَاۤ اِلَيۡكَ الۡكِتٰبَ بِالۡحَقِّ فَاعۡبُدِ اللّٰهَ مُخۡلِصًا لَّهُ الدِّيۡنَ ؕ‏ 

(39:2) (O Prophet), it is We Who have revealed this Book to you with Truth. So serve only Allah, consecrating your devotion to Him.

This verse is foundational. It states why the Qur’an was revealed, how Allah must be worshipped, and what separates true faith from false religion. Let us reflect on the wisdom of revelation of this exclusive verse. Please read the following explanation of the verse in conjunction with the scholarly explanation already given in the Exegesis of the surah.

Why this verse is so important

Surah 39:2 combines three core pillars of Islam in one sentence: (1) The Qur’an is from Allah, (2) It is revealed with absolute truth, and (3) Its purpose is sincere worship (ikhlāṣ) of Allah alone

In other words, the revelation of Al Qur'an is to let the mankind know what is the Truth and how Allah is to be thanked by worshipping Him alone without any associates in utmost sincerity. This verse thus reflects the mission statement of Islam.

Context of revelation (Makkan background)

This verse was revealed in Makkah, when: Idol worship was dominant, Quraysh (The dominant tribe of polytheists) claimed they worshipped idols only as intermediaries, and the Religion had become ritual without sincerity. Therefore this verse is a response by Allah be declaring: (1) The Qur’an is truth, not mythology, (2) Worship must be direct, not mediated, and (3) Sincerity is non-negotiable.

In fact this verse sets the tone for the entire surah.

Key concept: Ikhlāṣ (sincerity)

Meaning of  مُخۡلِصًا لَّهُ الدِّيۡنَ ؕ “mukhlisan lahu ad-dīn” at the end of the above quoted verse means: (1) Pure devotion, (2) Undiluted worship meaning by No partners, no show, no intermediaries. This is not just about who is worshipped, but why and how.

Qur’anic cross-references (context from other verses)

As mentioned above, the theme of this verse reverberates throughout Al Qur'an to continuously remind the mankind to worship Allah alone, none other at all except Him. Herein under are some verses which also explain the quoted verse above:

• Purpose of revelation: “This Qur’an has been revealed to me that I may warn you and whomsoever it reaches.” (6:19) - that is the Qur’an is guidance, not philosophy.
• Sincerity as the core of worship: “They were commanded only to worship Allah, making the religion sincere for Him.” (98:5). This shows 39:2 is not isolated; it repeats a universal command.
• Rejection of intermediaries: 
• Islam strictly prohibits worshipping any deity except one true God and that all sincere devotion is to Him alone. 
• “Is it not to Allah that sincere devotion is due?” (39:3 – immediately following verse 2)
• This shows verse 2 is directly aimed at refuting shirk.
• Read explanation of verse three already published: Utter losers worship others than Allah with lame excuse of being closer to Allah
• Prophetic mission summarized: “Say: Indeed, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah alone.” (6:162) -  Same message as in 39:2, though different words but expressing total sincerity in devotion to Allah alone.

Hadith support (very important)

In addition to Al Qur'an, there are many a Hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ  which augment the theme of the above quoted verse. Here are some:

• Foundational Hadith: 
• The Prophet ﷺ said, “Actions are judged only by intentions.” (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim). This hadith is the practical explanation of 39:2.
• This means that without ikhlāṣ: Worship becomes habit, Religion becomes culture and Deeds lose value.
• Allah rejects insincere worship
• The Prophet ﷺ said that Allah says: “I am most free of need of partners. Whoever does an action associating others with Me, I leave him and his shirk.” (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim)
• This is exactly what 39:2 warns against.

Why verse 39:2 comes before laws and rulings

Let us dwell on this aspect because before rules are set into force, one must have a clear vision of one's goal: Worship of Allah alone.

• Therefore, Islam does not begin with: Rules, Punishments and Social systems
• Instead, Islam begins with  Correct belief with sincere intention, because: Without sincerity, obedience is hollow, and without truth, religion becomes misguidance.
• This is why tawḥīd and ikhlāṣ always come first in Makkan surahs.

Practical relevance today

In an age of ritual without meaning, the verse 39:2 reminds us:

• Prayer without sincerity is empty
• Charity for show is rejected
• Knowledge for status is dangerous

In an age of “many paths to God” the verse clarifies that (1) Truth is not plural, (2) Worship is not negotiable and (3) Allah does not accept mixed devotion.

Therefore, for personal self-accountability, every believer must ask: (1) Why do I pray?, (2) Who am I really pleasing? and (3) Is my religion for Allah or for people?

Thus, Surah 39:2 establishes that the Qur’an is revealed to produce sincere, exclusive devotion to Allah, and any religion without ikhlāṣ is invalid—no matter how impressive its outward form.

Therefore, Surah 39:2 is not just a verse to be recited — it is a mirror that tests the purity of our faith. It also teaches us to reflect on each and every verse of Al Qur'an in order to keep our direction straight on Siraat e Mustaqeem and not be disoriented and follow false gods.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah 39. Az-Zumar (The Throngs) already published.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

Al Qur'an: Selected verses from Sürah 39. Az Zumar (The Throngs)

Every surah of Al Qur'an is unique in its substance addressing the core issues related to Islam. We have already shared the exegesis of all surahs of Al Qur'an and selected verses from some of the surahs. This post today is about selected verses from the Surah Az Zumar, the 39th surah / chapter of Al Qur'an.

Sürah Az-Zumar (Arabic: الزمر, meaning: "The Throngs") contains 75 verses (ayat), part of the Juzʼ 23 to 24. This surah derives its name from the Arabic word zumar (groups) that occurs in verses 71 and 73.

 .....وَسِيۡقَ الَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡۤا اِلٰى جَهَنَّمَ زُمَرًا​ ؕ 

(After the judgement has been passed) the unbelievers shall be driven in companies to Hell.....

We have already shared the Tafseer / Exegesis of Sürah 39.  Al Zumar (The Throngs) which can be read from links  | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Herein under we will only present a condensed overview of the entire Sūrah, for the scope of this post is to only to introduce the Sūrah and provide links to some of the selected verses from this Sūrah for selective reading / references. The following bird eye view includes the context, major themes and subjects and lessons that we can learn from this Sūrah, followed by references to  some of the selected verses already published.

Context of Revelation (Asbāb an-Nuzūl – General)

The surah is believed to have been revealed in the mid-Meccan period, possibly before the migration of a group of Muslims to Habash to avert the chances of persecution from the non believers of Makkah. It is a call to pure monotheism, sincere devotion, and moral clarity. It confronts shirk, comforts the believer, opens the door of repentance, exposes the illusion of worldly life, and ends with a decisive image of humanity divided into groups based on their response to Allah. It remains deeply relevant today as a guide for faith, hope, and accountability in a confused and material-driven world.

The Surah was revealed at a time when: (1) The Makkan opposition to the Prophet ﷺ had intensified, (2) Muslims were few, weak, and under pressure, 

This was the time when the Polytheists justified shirk through: (1) Intercession myths, (2) Ancestral tradition, and (3) Claims of nearness to God through idols

Therefore, under such hostile environment this surah was revealed to: (1) Purify Tawḥīd (absolute monotheism), (2) Expose the false logic of shirk, (3) Comfort the Prophet ﷺ and believers, (4) Offer hope to sinners while warning arrogant rejecters. Thus this surah of clarity, sincerity, and decisive outcomes.

Core Theme of Surah Az-Zumar

1. Central Theme: 

• Pure devotion (ikhlāṣ) to Allah alone, and the ultimate division of humanity based on that devotion. 
• Everything in the surah revolves around:
• Who Allah is
• How He must be worshipped
• What happens to people who accept or reject that truth

2.    Major Themes Explained

• Pure Tawḥīd & Ikhlāṣ: (1) Allah alone deserves worship — without intermediaries. (2) “Unquestionably, for Allah is the pure religion.” (39:3) - Shirk is shown as: Illogical, Unjust and Spiritually corrupt.
• False Intercession Exposed - Pagans claimed idols would bring them closer to Allah. as a rebuttal Allah responds: “They worship besides Allah that which neither harms nor benefits them…” (39:3). This emphasises the plain truth that Nearness to Allah comes through obedience, not symbols.
• The Qur’an as a Living Guide: The Qur’an is described as: (1) Consistent, (2) Repetitive in wisdom and (3) Spiritually transformative - “Allah has sent down the best of speech…” (39:23)
• Hope After Sin (One of the Most Merciful Passages) - No one is beyond forgiveness: “O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah.” (39:53) - This verse alone has brought countless people back to Islam.
• Life’s Impermanence: The world is temporary and deceptive. The 21st verse is sent down specially for the men who reflect: “Do you not see that Allah sends down rain…” (39:21). This verse explains Human life is compared to vegetation that flourishes and fades.
• Ultimate Judgment: Groups Divided: The surah ends with a vivid scene: Disbelievers driven to Hell in groups and that Believers welcomed to Paradise in groups “And those who feared their Lord will be led to Paradise in groups…” (39:73) - This gives the surah its name.

Relevance & Application Today

• In an age of confusion Surah Az-Zumar restores clarity of belief. It emphasises that Worship is not: Cultural, Symbolic or Inherited - It is conscious devotion to Allah alone.
• In an age of despair:, the surah revives hope. That is no matter how broken a person feels, repentance is open.
• In a materialistic world the surah reminds us that Life is short, and every success fades with passage of time and that accountability is real and no one will escape it.
• In moral relativism the surah draws clear lines between: (1) Truth and falsehood, (2) Sincerity and hypocrisy, and (3) Salvation and loss

Some of the Most Important Verses

• 39:2 Sincerity in worship
• 39:3 Refutation of shirk
• 39:9 Are those who know equal to those who don’t?
• 39:21 Parable of worldly life
• 39:23 Description of the Qur’an
• 39:36 Allah is sufficient
• 39:42 Sleep and death
• 39:53 Door of repentance
• 39:71–73 Groups to Hell and Paradise

Now let us share herein some of the selected ayat / verses from this surah already shared:

• Verse 2: Sincerity in worship 
• A verse from Al Qur’an that gives out the Mission Statement of Islam
• Learn How Surah Az-Zumar 39:2 and Surah 112. Al-Ikhlāṣ  form the theological & practical foundation of Islam
• Verse 3: Refutation of shirk Utter losers worship others than Allah with lame excuse of being closer to Allah
• Verse 18: Allah guides those who pay heed to what is said and follow the best of it
• Verse 21: Parable of worldly life
• A deeply reflective verse of Al Qur’an that teaches man the entire cycle of human life
• Why there are so many verses in Al Qur’an that refer to rain as parable for life and death
• Verse 29: Parable of Two men A Parable in Al Qur’an depicting Tug of War between Shirk and Tawḥīd
• Verse 39: Reward beyond all reckoning for those who Fear Allah and Persevere
• Verse 53: Door of repentance
• Don't let the Satan win
• The Divine Call to repent before the Punishment comes
• The Verse of Mercy: Those who have committed excesses should not despair of Allah's Mercy - Surely Allah forgives all sins
• Verse 54: Surrender yourselves to your Lord before the chastisement over-takes you

In time we will share more selected verses from Sürah 39. Az Zumar, In sha Allah

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For more Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo Pixabay

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

A deeply reflective verse of Al Qur’an that teaches man the entire cycle of human life

Al Qur'an is book of Divine Wisdom which uses many a approach to show to the man what life really is and how men of wisdom can interpret verses of Qur'an through deep reflection. While many verses are straight and easy to understand, some verses use natural imagery to deliver a single, powerful worldview about life (dunyā). One such verse is 21st verse of Surah 39 Az-Zumar which is a deeply reflective verse that combines observable nature, divine control, and moral guidance. Its wisdom lies not merely in describing a natural process, but in teaching how to think about life, time, power, and the Hereafter.

اَلَمۡ تَرَ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ اَنۡزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَسَلَـكَهٗ يَنَابِيۡعَ فِى الۡاَرۡضِ ثُمَّ يُخۡرِجُ بِهٖ زَرۡعًا مُّخۡتَلِفًا اَ لۡوَانُهٗ ثُمَّ يَهِيۡجُ فَتَـرٰٮهُ مُصۡفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَجۡعَلُهٗ حُطَامًا​ ؕ اِنَّ فِىۡ ذٰ لِكَ لَذِكۡرٰى لِاُولِى الۡاَلۡبَابِ

(39:21) Do you not see that Allah sent down water from the sky, then made it flow on earth as springs and streams and rivers and then with it He brings forth vegetation of various hues; then this vegetation ripens and dries up, turning yellow, where after He reduces it to broken straw? Surely there is a lesson in this for those endowed with understanding.

Understanding of the verse by the Ordinaries

For most of the readers of AL Qur'an, this verse just describes a natural phenomenon. Allah in ths verses describes a natural process wherein the rain descends from the clouds, Water flows and settles in the earth, vegetation grows in different colors and the plants mature. Then a time comes when there is no rain and the vegetation dries up and turns yellow and finally crumbles into straw.

Then Allah concludes: “Surely in this is a reminder for those endowed with understanding.”

Understanding of the verse by those endowed with wisdom and understanding

The men of wisdom correlate this verse with various phases plant life with that of man's life cycle: (1) Rain means birth of a child, the growth of plants to the developing youth and turning into a man's prime age when he is contributing and reflecting. Then slowly and gradually man enters into his old age just like yellowing of the plants and then like lifeless straw, a man too dies and the life cycle ends.

Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, One of the eminent scholars and exegetes of Al Qur'an explains the core idea behind this verse as under:

"A man of understanding learns this lesson from it that the life of this world and its adornments are all transitory: the end of every spring is autumn; the fate of every youth is weakness and death; and every rise has a fall. Therefore, this world is not something of which one should be charmed and enamored so as to forget God and the Hereafter and should conduct himself here in a manner as to nun his Hereafter, only for the sake of enjoying the short lived pleasures of this world. Then a man of understanding also learns this lesson from these phenomena that the spring and autumn of this world are only under Allah's control: Allah allows to grow and prosper whomever He wills and ruins and lays waste whomever He wills. Neither it is in anybody's power to stop the growth of someone whom Allah wills to grow, nor has anyone the power to save him from destruction whom Allah wills to destroy.

The 14th century Muslim scholar Ibn Kathir explains that:

• The natural phenomenon described is not random but a deliberate sign from Allah, designed to lead people to recognize their Creator and the ultimate reality beyond the physical world. 
• The verse serves as a parable for the life of this world, which begins with life and ends in decay, urging people to heed the divine message.  

Wisdom behind the verse - Layer by Layer

• 1️⃣ Allah as the Absolute Controller
• “Allah sent down water from the sky…” That is the verse begins by attributing the entire process directly to Allah, not to chance or nature acting independently.
• Wisdom: Man learns that the rain is beyond human control - which means that human planning is useless without divine permission. This cultivates humility, not arrogance 
• ➡️ Lesson: Human power is limited; divine power is absolute.
• 2️⃣ Hidden Provision and Divine Planning
• “…then made it flow on earth as springs…” - That is water does not just fall and disappear as it penetrates the ground and stored invisibly. Then it re-emerges as springs, streams, and rivers
• Wisdom: Allah provides sustenance in unseen ways - What disappears from sight is not lost and that delay does not mean denial
• ➡️ Lesson: Trust Allah even when provision is unseen.
• 3️⃣ Diversity within Unity
• “…vegetation of various hues…” That is rain is alike all over where it falls, yet it produces multicoloured hues, different taste and benefits.
• Wisdom: Unity of source, diversity of outcomes - describing the Evidence of divine design, not randomness
• ➡️ Lesson: Differences among people and creations are intentional and meaningful.
• 4️⃣ Peak Does Not Mean Permanence
• “…then it ripens…” that is the vegetation reaches: Full beauty and maximum usefulness , yet the stage is brief and temporary.
• Wisdom: Every worldly success has a peak -but youth, power, wealth are temporary and do not last forever.
• ➡️ Lesson: Do not be deceived by temporary perfection.
• 5️⃣ Inevitable Decline
• “…then you see it turn yellow…” Which means no force stops aging and plants weaken, the once vibrant and fresh hues start to fade and lose strength.
• Wisdom: Decline is part of divine law for nothing created is permanent and has to decay and die ultimately.
• ➡️ Lesson: This world is not a place of eternity.
• 6️⃣ Complete Dissolution
• “…then He makes it broken straw…” That is what once was nourished, beautified and sustained life, becomes worthless debris.
• Wisdom: Material value is temporary and that pride in worldly status is foolish
• ➡️ Lesson: Attachment to dunya leads to loss. Those who live for this world alone with disregard to the life of the Hereafter will be the ultimate losers.

The Central Message

This verse is a parable of human life: Just as plants do not remain, neither do humans.

• Why Allah Ends with “People of Understanding” because everyone sees plants grow and die - yet not everyone reflects. 
• True intelligence in the Qur’an is not IQ, Knowledge or Science. It is reflection that leads to humility and obedience.

Practical Lessons for Today

Since this life is temporary and is a testing ground for man to reflect upon purpose of one's creation. Therefore one should:

• Never be arrogant in success or boast about it for nothing is permanent.
• Never despair in decline for it is a natural phenomena and no matter how much a man may try, the decline is bound to happen.
• Use prosperity before it fades
• Prepare for the Hereafter while time remains
• Read nature as a sign, not just a resource

Surah 39:21 teaches that just as vegetation rises, flourishes, and fades by Allah’s will, so too does human life — and only those who reflect prepare for what comes after the harvest.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah 39. Az-Zumar (The Throngs) already published.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

For more Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

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