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Tuesday, 29 September 2026

Forget Allah — and You Begin to Forget Who You Are - A striking message of Surah Al Hashr 59:19 (Al Qur'an)

One of the greatest losses in life is not material loss, but the loss of one’s inner direction. A person may remain busy, successful, connected, and surrounded by worldly comforts, yet slowly become disconnected from the very purpose of existence. That is he becomes so engrossed in his worldly chores and errands that he forgets to thank his Creator and gets totally inclined to his life, sparing no time to remember or worship Allah. Surah Al-Hashr 59:19 draws attention to this deeper tragedy: when people forget Allah, they ultimately lose awareness of their own true selves—their responsibilities, their moral direction, and their eternal destiny.

In fact, Surah al-Hashr 59:19 is one of the Qur’an’s most penetrating statements about spiritual psychology. It describes a paradox: a person may spend enormous energy pursuing his own interests, pleasures, status and comfort, yet by forgetting Allah he can eventually lose sight of what is truly good for his own soul.

THE QUR'AN SAYS
Verse 59:19

وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَأَنسَاهُمْ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
“And be not like those who forgot Allah, so He made them forget themselves. Those are the defiantly disobedient.” 

Context 
The preceding parts of Surah al-Hashr discuss the expulsion of Banū al-Naḍīr, the behaviour of the hypocrites, broken promises and the deception of Shayṭān. Then, in 59:18, Allah suddenly turns directly to believers:

“O you who believe! Fear Allah, and let every soul look to what it has sent ahead for tomorrow.”

Then comes 59:19: Do not become like those who forgot Allah and consequently forgot themselves.

And 59:20 immediately contrasts the people of Paradise with the people of the Fire. So verses 18–20 form a connected argument:
  • Remember Allah → examine yourself → prepare for the Hereafter.
  • versus:
  • Forget Allah → lose awareness of yourself → lose your ultimate future.
Maududi therefore regards 59:18 as a command for continuous self-examination: a person should ask where his time, wealth, abilities and energies are actually taking him.

What does “forget Allah” mean?
It does not simply mean that someone momentarily fails to think of Allah.
  • Al-Tabari explains it primarily as neglecting Allah's rights and obligations. Such people abandon what Allah required of them; consequently they become oblivious to their own true share of goodness and salvation.
  • Al-Qurtubi records several closely related explanations: they neglected Allah's commands, neglected gratitude and reverence toward Him, and consequently failed to do what was beneficial for their own souls. One early explanation summarized it beautifully: they forgot Allah's right, so they forgot their own right.
So “forgetting Allah” is better understood as: living as though Allah no longer governs one's priorities.

A person may still verbally believe in Allah while practically structuring his entire day around everything except Him.

“So He made them forget themselves” — what an extraordinary expression

Ibn Kathir explains this as Allah allowing them to forget the deeds that would actually benefit them in the Hereafter. They become so occupied elsewhere that they neglect their own ultimate welfare.

This means self-forgetfulness is not forgetting one's name, career or worldly interests. A person might actually become intensely self-absorbed:

“My money.”
“My appearance.”
“My success.”
“My followers.”
“My pleasure.”
“My reputation.”

Yet according to 59:19, that person may simultaneously have forgotten his real self:

Why was I created?
Where am I going?
What condition is my heart in?
What have I prepared for death?
What am I becoming before Allah?

That is the paradox of the verse: A person can think about himself constantly—and still forget himself completely.

Maududi notes: forgetting God distorts human identity. Maududi takes this concept particularly deep. He argues that when a human being forgets Allah, he forgets his true position in existence. He no longer understands himself primarily as Allah's servant. Once this fundamental identity is lost, the rest of life begins to be built on a false foundation.

A person who should serve Allah begins serving other masters like wealth, social approval, desire, fashion, power, ideology, career—or simply the demands of his own ego.

Thus, according to Maududi, remembering Allah is not merely one religious activity among many. It is what keeps our understanding of ourselves correctly oriented.

This gives 59:19 a remarkably profound meaning: When we lose God from the centre, we also lose the correct answer to “Who am I?”

Muhammad Asad notes forgetting Allah leads to losing one's spiritual potential, He renders the consequence as becoming oblivious of what is good for one's own self. He explains it as wasting the moral and spiritual potential Allah placed within human beings through misuse of reason and continued obliviousness to Him.

This makes the verse particularly relevant to modern life. One can be: highly educated, financially comfortable, technologically connected, socially visible— and nevertheless neglect the development of the soul. Material progress and spiritual progress are not automatically the same thing.

How 59:19 links with the other verses 
Herein under are four verses almost form a progression:
  • 18:28 The core message of Surah Al-Kahf 18:28 is to remain firmly attached to people who sincerely remember and worship Allah, even if they lack worldly status, and not be dazzled by wealth, prestige, or outward attraction. Allah warns against following those whose hearts have become heedless through neglect of His remembrance and whose lives are ruled by desires. The verse therefore teaches that the true worth of companionship is measured by faith, sincerity, and remembrance of Allah—not by social position or material success—and that a distracted heart can gradually lead a person away from a meaningful and rightly ordered life.
  • 63:9 The core message of Surah Al-Munāfiqūn 63:9 is a warning not to let wealth, children, business, or worldly preoccupations distract us from remembering Allah and fulfilling our obligations to Him. These blessings are not condemned in themselves; the danger begins when they occupy the heart so completely that prayer, gratitude, obedience, and awareness of the Hereafter are neglected. The verse teaches that true loss is not having less of the world, but gaining the world while losing one’s relationship with Allah.
  • 20:124 The core message of Surah Ṭā Hā 20:124 is that turning away from Allah’s guidance leads to a constricted, troubled life, even when outward comforts are present. The “narrow life” is not limited to poverty; it can include spiritual emptiness, anxiety, restlessness, loss of purpose, and dissatisfaction caused by living without remembrance of Allah and divine direction. The verse teaches that real peace comes not merely from possessing more, but from living with faith, guidance, and conscious connection with Allah.
Mobile phones and 59:19
Obviously, the Qur’an is not speaking specifically about smartphones. A phone is a tool and can be used for tremendous good: Qur’an, Islamic learning, family communication, education, work, charity and maintaining relationships. The problem begins when the tool becomes the master of our attention.

Consider the first moments after waking. How mon=bile phone has become a part of our lives at every step during the day. The phone takes precedence:
  • Before remembering Allah
  • While eating
  • During conversation
  • Waiting thirty seconds
  • Immediately after ṣalāh
  • Before sleeping
None of these actions individually defines a person's faith. But collectively they raise precisely the question of 59:19: What occupies the centre of my awareness?

The modern danger is not necessarily that a person consciously rejects Allah. It may simply be that there is never enough silence left to remember Him deeply. Notifications, messages, reels, videos, news, arguments, advertisements and entertainment fill every empty moment.

Eventually we may lose the capacity for: dhikr, reflection, contemplation, self-examination and quiet awareness of Allah.

And then the warning of 59:19 becomes striking: We may become so occupied with everything around us that we forget what is happening within us.

20:124 — the consequence of turning away: Allah says:

وَمَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنكًا “Whoever turns away from My remembrance will certainly have a constricted life…”

Ibn Kathir explains that such a person can possess outward comforts—food, clothing and accommodation—yet lack inward tranquility and certainty, remaining troubled, doubtful or inwardly constricted.

This is extremely important. The verse does not mean every anxious or distressed person has forgotten Allah; psychological suffering has many causes, and such a conclusion would be unfair.

Rather, the Qur’anic point is spiritual: Paterial abundance by itself cannot guarantee inner spaciousness.

A person can have:
  • hundreds of contacts but profound loneliness,
  • continuous entertainment but little contentment,
  • constant information but little wisdom,
  • constant stimulation but little peace.
Thus 59:19 and 20:124 complement each other:
  • Forget Allah → lose the true self.
  • Turn away from Allah's remembrance → life can become inwardly constricted.
A Qur’anic anatomy of distraction
Put the four verses together and an extraordinary picture emerges:
  • 18:28: Heart becomes heedless → desire takes command.
  • 63:9: Worldly attachments distract from remembrance.
  • 59:19: Allah is forgotten → true self is forgotten.
  • 20:124 Life becomes spiritually constricted.
And the reverse journey is equally possible: Remember Allah, recover awareness of purpose, discipline desires, regain control of attention, recognize yourself as Allah's servant - so prepare consciously for the Hereafter.

REFLECTION FOR TODAY
Although, in our times today, we have many a distraction that aid in forgetting Allah and His worship. Here for example, let us take the unusual dependence of mobile phones that have robbed us our time to remember Allah. The Qur’anic answer is not necessarily “throw the phone away.” It is:
  • restore the correct hierarchy.
  • Allah should command our attention; technology should serve our purposes.
A useful personal discipline could therefore be:
  • begin the day with dhikr/prayer/Qur’an before the phone;
  • keep the phone away during ṣalāh and Qur’an reflection;
  • disable unnecessary notifications;
  • establish some screen-free periods every day;
  • ask whether endless scrolling is benefiting your dunya or ākhirah;
  • occasionally examine your screen-time report as seriously as you examine your bank statement;
  • replace some passive scrolling with Qur’an, family conversation, walking, reading and contemplation;
  • before sleeping, give the final moments of consciousness to Allah rather than to the feed.
Here one particularly useful question might be: “Did I use my phone today—or did my phone use my attention?”

The deepest lesson of 59:19
There is an irony in modern culture. We are encouraged constantly to “find yourself.” But 59:19 suggests that the deepest way to lose yourself is to forget the One who created you.

From a Qur’anic perspective, knowing yourself cannot ultimately be separated from knowing:
  • who created you,
  • why you exist,
  • what you are responsible for,
  • and where you are returning.
That is why forgetting Allah produces self-forgetfulness. Not because the person ceases looking after worldly interests—but because he forgets his ultimate interest.

A concluding reflection
Surah al-Hashr 59:19 could therefore be paraphrased as a warning to our age:

Do not become so occupied with the world that you lose awareness of the One who gave you life—and, in doing so, lose awareness of what your own life is actually for.

With 18:28, 63:9 and 20:124, it forms a remarkably coherent Qur’anic philosophy of distraction:

Guard your attention, because attention shapes remembrance; remembrance shapes desire; desire shapes character; and character shapes destiny.

For today's smartphone generation, perhaps the practical message is simply: Stay connected to the world—but never at the cost of becoming disconnected from Allah, and therefore from your own soul.
May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 
وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 
(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”
That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah 59 Al Al-Ḥashr (The Gathering),  already published.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference pages: 
You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.
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Sources & Further Reading
Ibn Kathir: Tafsir 

Disclaimer: This post is not intended to "force" preach, convert, or criticize any belief system. The views shared are meant to inspire dialogue, understanding, and reflection about Islam. Viewer discretion is advised, especially for those navigating sensitive religious experiences. Always seek knowledge with an open heart and mind.

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Saturday, 26 September 2026

Islam and Atheism: Two Worldviews, Two Answers — What the Qur’an Says

Accepting One Divine Being as the sole creator of this universe has always contested by many people by rejecting the very concept One True God without any associates as mentioned in the four major Divine Scriptures revealed to the four chosen prophets from eternity to some fourteen centuries when Al Qur'an, the fourth Divine Scripture, was revealed to Prophet Muhammad as the final Divine guiding book for the entire humanity till the end of our earthly world. Yet despite the presence of these noble scriptures, many have clung to the belief of the forefathers and remain oblivious to what is being ordained Divinely. 

Of the present times, Atheism is one such faction which out rightly reject the concept of a Creator and associating His countless signs, like mountains, crops, animals, rain and snow and many means of sustenance beside the celestial world above us, and relate everything to science.

Islam and atheism begin from very different starting points about reality, purpose, and human destiny. Islam holds that the universe is created and sustained by Allah, that human life has a divinely assigned purpose, and that every person will return to God for judgment. Atheism, by contrast, does not accept belief in God as necessary. It is also important to be fair here: atheism is not one organized religion with a single scripture, moral code, or philosophy. Individual atheists may differ widely in how they explain morality, meaning, consciousness, and the origin of the universe.

The Basic Claim
The Qur’an’s most basic claim is that Allah is the Creator: “Allah is the Creator of all things” (39:62). It also rejects the idea that creation is meaningless or merely playful: “We did not create the heaven and the earth… in play” (21:16). From the Islamic point of view, existence is intentional. Human beings are part of that intention and are given moral responsibility. The Qur’an describes human creation in passages such as 23:12–14 and 32:7–9, and states the purpose of human life in 51:56: “I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”

An atheistic outlook usually does not accept a divinely assigned purpose. Life may instead be understood in terms of natural processes, including biological evolution, and individuals may find meaning in relationships, knowledge, compassion, achievement, creativity, or other human pursuits. Atheism itself, however, does not provide one official answer to the question, “Why are we here?”
A major difference also concerns knowledge. Islam values observation and reason, but does not limit knowledge to them. Revelation is also treated as a source of truth. The Qur’an repeatedly urges reflection on creation, as in 3:190–191 and 88:17–20. Atheistic approaches generally rely on reason, empirical evidence, experience, and science, while supernatural revelation is not accepted as authoritative unless independently demonstrated.

Morality
The difference becomes especially clear in morality. Islam teaches that moral truth ultimately rests in Allah’s command and in the moral order He has established. Qur’an 16:90 says: “Indeed Allah commands justice and excellence…” Atheists may also strongly value justice, honesty, compassion, human dignity, and the protection of others, but may explain those values through human welfare, empathy, reason, rights, reciprocity, or moral philosophy rather than divine command. Thus, a Muslim and an atheist may sometimes behave similarly in practical ethical matters while disagreeing deeply about the ultimate foundation of morality.

Individual Accountability
The Qur’an also places great emphasis on individual accountability. “No bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another” (53:38–39). In Islam, every person is responsible before Allah, and perfect justice is completed in the Hereafter. Qur’an 99:7–8 teaches that even the smallest deeds will be seen, and 21:47 describes the absolute justice of the final judgment. In most atheistic frameworks, moral accountability is understood within this life—toward oneself, other people, society, and the consequences of one’s actions—without assuming a divine judgment after death.

The Sharpest Difference
This leads to one of the sharpest differences between the two worldviews: what happens after death. Islam teaches resurrection and judgment. Qur’an 23:15–16 says that human beings die and will then be raised again. Qur’an 36:78–79 answers the objection, “Who will give life to these bones when they have decayed?” with: “He who produced them the first time will give them life.” Most atheistic views hold that personal consciousness ends with biological death, though atheism by itself does not provide one unified philosophical theory of consciousness.

The Qur’an directly records a materialistic view in 45:24: “There is nothing but our worldly life; we die and we live, and nothing destroys us except time.” It rejects this as a complete account of human destiny. From the Qur’anic perspective, life is not merely a temporary biological episode but a moral test. Qur’an 67:2 says that Allah “created death and life to test you as to which of you is best in deeds.” Suffering, therefore, may have a dimension of trial, discipline, patience, or moral growth. Atheistic explanations generally understand suffering through natural causes, human wrongdoing, chance, disease, social conditions, or other non-divine causes, without assuming an ultimate spiritual purpose behind it.
The Qur’an’s argument for God is often framed as an appeal to reason rather than mere assertion. Surah At-Tur asks:

“Or were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth?” — Qur’an 52:35–36

The point is to challenge the reader to consider the origin of existence. Human beings did not create themselves, nor did they create the cosmos. The Qur’an therefore directs thought toward an originating Creator.

The Story of Prophet Ibraheem (Abraham)
The story of Abraham in 6:75–79 follows a similar pattern. Abraham reflects on the star, moon, and sun, but rejects them as ultimate objects of worship because they rise and disappear. He finally declares:
“Indeed, I have turned my face toward Him who created the heavens and the earth…”
— Qur’an 6:79

Qur'an's insistence on Reflection rather than believing without thinking
For this reason, the Qur’anic approach is not simply “believe without thinking.” It repeatedly appeals to reflection: “In the creation of the heavens and the earth… are signs for people of understanding” (3:190), and, “And in yourselves. Will you not then see?” (51:21).

The teachings of the Prophet ﷺ reinforce the same worldview by connecting faith with intention and moral conduct. He said: “Actions are only according to intentions.” — Sahih al-Bukhari 1; Sahih Muslim 1907

In Islamic ethics, therefore, morality is not judged only by outward results; intention before God also matters. He also said: “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should speak good or remain silent.” — Sahih al-Bukhari 6018; Sahih Muslim 47

The ethical conduct explicitly connected to belief in God and the Last Day
The famous Hadith of Jibril describes Islam through Islam, Iman, and Ihsan. Iman includes belief in Allah, the angels, revelation, the messengers, the Last Day, and divine decree, while Ihsan is to worship Allah “as though you see Him.” — Sahih Muslim 8. 

This creates a profound difference from an atheistic worldview: the Muslim tries to live with the awareness that even when no human observer is present, one remains morally accountable before God.

At the same time, the Qur’an does not teach that belief should be forced. It states:

لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ  “There is no compulsion in religion.” — Qur’an 2:256

It also instructs believers to invite others “in the best manner” (16:125), and says: “The truth is from your Lord; whoever wills, let him believe, and whoever wills, let him disbelieve” (18:29). Thus, Qur’anic faith is presented as something to be accepted through recognition and conviction, not imposed through coercion.

The Deepest Contrast
The deepest contrast, then, is not simply “religion versus science.” Islam does not reject investigation of the physical world. The more basic disagreement concerns what lies behind that world. Atheism asks whether the universe and human existence can be adequately explained without God. Islam answers that creation, moral responsibility, human purpose, and final justice ultimately make sense because they come from Allah and return to Him.

That Islamic worldview is captured in one brief Qur’anic statement:

إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ “Indeed, we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we shall return.” — Qur’an 2:156

Viewpoint of Classical and Present day Muslim Scholars
Muslim scholars have generally regarded atheism (ilḥād or denial of God) as a fundamental rejection of the Qur’anic worldview, but they have not all approached atheists in exactly the same way. Classical scholars usually encountered forms of materialism or scepticism rather than modern philosophical atheism, so terms such as dahriyyūn—those who attributed life and death merely to “time” or nature—were often used. The Qur’an itself records this outlook: “There is nothing but our worldly life; we die and we live, and nothing destroys us except time” (45:24), and then rejects it.

A useful way of understanding major scholarly approaches is this:

1.    Al-Ghazālī treated denial of a Creator as intellectually untenable because contingent things cannot ultimately explain their own existence. In works such as Tahāfut al-Falāsifah, his primary debates were with philosophers rather than modern atheists, but his basic argument was that the universe depends upon a necessary Creator. At the same time, he strongly distinguished between philosophical errors of different kinds rather than treating every disagreement identically.

2.     Ibn Taymiyyah placed considerable emphasis on fiṭrah, the innate human disposition toward recognition of God. He argued that knowledge of the Creator is not merely the result of a complicated philosophical proof; human nature, reason and the signs of creation all point toward God. This corresponds closely with the Prophetic statement: “Every child is born upon the fiṭrah.” — Sahih al-Bukhari 1358; Sahih Muslim 2658.

3.    Ibn Rushd (Averroes) emphasized rational reflection on the natural world. For him, studying creation could lead the reasoning person toward knowledge of the Creator. Qur’anic passages inviting observation of the heavens, animals and nature were therefore particularly significant. In this approach, reason and revelation are not natural enemies.

4.    Ibn Kathīr, when explaining verses such as 52:35–36 — “Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators?” — reads the passage as a rational challenge: neither self-creation nor creation from absolute nothingness provides an adequate explanation; therefore creation points beyond itself to its Creator.

5.    Abul A‘la Maududi often treats modern materialism and atheism as consequences of restricting reality to what can be physically observed. His Qur’anic commentary repeatedly argues that scientific knowledge describes many of the mechanisms of creation but does not by itself answer the ultimate questions of why existence exists, why moral responsibility matters, or what humanity's final destiny is.

6.    Javed Ahmad Ghamidi places considerable weight on human nature, conscience and the ordered structure of the universe. His approach is generally that recognition of God is supported by the human moral sense and the signs within the world, while revelation clarifies truths toward which human nature already points. He also stresses that people are ultimately accountable according to the knowledge and evidence actually made clear to them.

End point Quranic Viewpoint
An especially important point is that the Qur’an does not usually respond to disbelief simply by saying “believe because you are told to believe.” It repeatedly asks people to reason:

أَمْ خُلِقُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخَالِقُونَ “Were they created from nothing, or are they themselves the creators?” — Qur’an 52:35

And:

“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of night and day are signs for people of understanding.” — Qur’an 3:190

The Qur’anic argument therefore operates through creation, causation, order, consciousness, morality, fiṭrah and reflection, rather than presenting faith as blind acceptance.
Muslim scholars also commonly distinguish atheism from shirk. A polytheist believes in some form of divine or supernatural reality but associates partners with God; an atheist denies or withholds belief in God altogether. From the Islamic theological perspective both contradict tawḥīd, but they are intellectually different positions and therefore require different kinds of discussion.

There is also an important ethical dimension. Classical Islamic theology regards disbelief as a serious theological matter, but that does not mean Muslims are instructed to abuse or humiliate atheists. The Qur’an commands:

“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and debate with them in the best manner.” — Qur’an 16:125

And it says:

“There is no compulsion in religion.” — Qur’an 2:256

For Da‘wah today, therefore, perhaps the most productive scholarly approach is not to begin by calling an atheist immoral or rebellious. Many atheists may be sincerely unconvinced, may have encountered poor presentations of religion, or may have philosophical objections concerning suffering, science, revelation or religious hypocrisy. The Qur’anic method invites them to examine the deeper questions: Why is there something rather than nothing? Why is the universe intelligible? Where does objective moral obligation come from? What explains consciousness? Is human existence ultimately purposeless?
In one sentence, the mainstream Muslim scholarly position could be summarized as: atheism is regarded as mistaken about the ultimate nature of reality, but the Qur’anic response to it is not merely condemnation—it repeatedly invites the unbeliever to observe, reason, question, and reconsider the signs within creation and within the human self.

This is beautifully condensed in Qur’an 51:20–21:

“And on the earth are signs for those with sure faith, and in yourselves—will you not then see?”

Final Reflection
So, in the end, Islam and atheism differ most clearly over four fundamental questions: where human beings come from, why they exist, on what basis they should live morally, and what—if anything—comes after death. Islam answers all four through God, revelation, accountability, and the Hereafter; atheistic worldviews seek their answers without appealing to a divine Creator.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 
(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”
That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

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References  Resources for further study: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

For more Q&A about Understanding Islam, please refer to our reference page: Understanding Islam - Frequently asked Q&A. You may also refer to our refference page: Scholars' Viewpoint on important issue related to Islam to know more about Islam.

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Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on Social Media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Holy Qur'an - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Thursday, 17 September 2026

How to Interpret Difficult Qur’anic Verses — Surah Āl ‘Imrān 3:7 Explains

Al Qur'an, the fourth Divinely revealed Scripture, is in easy to understand Arabic language which aids its readers to grasp the core foundational meaning of its verses. While its interpretation is mostly easy to understand, there are some verses that need deep reflection, connecting a "difficult" verse with its context and linked verses to understand the true meaning. But what to do when one encounters a difficult verse which is rather difficult to understand - Qur'an itself explains.

Surah Āl ‘Imrān 3:7 is one of the Qur’an’s most important verses about how the Qur’an itself should be interpreted. Its message is not that parts of the Qur’an are unintelligible; rather, it distinguishes between teachings stated in direct, decisive language and passages dealing with realities or expressions that require greater care. It also warns that a person’s intention matters when approaching difficult scripture.

THE QUR'AN SAYS
The verse — Āl ‘Imrān 3:7

هُوَ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُّحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ ۖ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ ۗ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۗ وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ
Translation: Allah has revealed the Book. Some of its verses are muḥkamāt—clear and foundational—and others are mutashābihāt. Those whose hearts incline toward deviation pursue the ambiguous passages seeking discord and arbitrary interpretation, whereas those firmly grounded in knowledge say, “We believe in it; all of it is from our Lord.”

The context?
The opening verses of Surah Āl ‘Imrān establish several foundations before reaching 3:7:

3:2: Allah alone is God.
3:3: He revealed the Qur’an and previously revealed the Torah and Gospel.
3:4: Revelation is guidance and a criterion between truth and falsehood.
3:5–6: Allah's knowledge and creative authority are absolute.
3:7: Therefore, revelation must be approached correctly.

Immediately afterward, 3:8–9 gives the prayer of people of knowledge:

رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا “Our Lord, do not let our hearts deviate after You have guided us…”

That is significant. Verse 7 is not merely teaching a technical method of tafsir—it is warning that misinterpretation can begin with a distorted intention of the heart. Maududi likewise reads 3:7–9 as a connected passage: the knowledgeable recognize the limits of interpretation and then pray for steadfastness.

There are early reports connecting this section of Āl ‘Imrān with theological disputes involving Christians, particularly the Christian delegation from Najran and questions concerning Jesus. Ibn Kathir reports the tradition that substantial parts of the surah addressed their claims about Christ. Maududi, however, cautions against assuming that the entire opening section was revealed only on that occasion and argues that some portions likely predate the delegation.

So the safest conclusion is that the verse has a universal interpretive principle, even though debates with the People of the Book form part of the wider background of the surah.

Why is 3:7 itself considered a complex verse?
Ironically, a verse explaining difficult verses itself contains several interpretive questions:

1.    The first is the distinction between muḥkamāt and mutashābihāt
  • Muḥkam (مُحْكَم) means firm, decisive, established or clear. 
  • These verses form: هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ “the foundation of the Book.”
  • Examples include fundamental teachings such as the oneness of Allah, moral responsibility, prayer, justice, prohibition of wrongdoing and accountability before God.
Mutashābih (مُتَشَابِه) literally carries the idea of things resembling one another, making the intended implication less immediately obvious. It can include passages concerning realities beyond ordinary human experience, figurative imagery, divine attributes, resurrection, Paradise and Hell, and expressions capable of more than one linguistic understanding. Ibn Kathir therefore says that when an ambiguous passage is encountered, it should be understood through the clear passages rather than used to overturn them.

That principle can be summarized: The clear explains the difficult; the difficult must never be used to cancel the clear.

2.    The second complexity: what does ta’wīl mean?
  • The verse says: وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ “No one knows its ta’wīl except Allah…”
  • The word ta’wīl can carry different senses depending upon context. It can mean interpretation or explanation. But it can also mean the ultimate reality or final fulfillment of something.
Ibn Kathir explicitly discusses both meanings. If ta’wīl means the ultimate reality of things—such as exactly how realities of the unseen will be—then only Allah possesses that knowledge. If it means understanding or explaining language, knowledgeable scholars can understand much of it, while still not knowing its ultimate unseen reality.

This distinction resolves much apparent difficulty.

For example, we understand what the Qur’an means when it speaks about the Resurrection—but we do not know exactly what experiencing resurrection will be like.

We understand the concept of Paradise—but its ultimate reality exceeds human experience.

3.    The famous grammatical pause
There is another fascinating issue.
  • Should we read: 
    • وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۗ “No one knows its ultimate interpretation except Allah.” [Stop]
    • Then begin: وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ “And those firmly grounded in knowledge say, ‘We believe in it.’”
  • Or should the thought be connected: “…none knows its interpretation except Allah and those firmly grounded in knowledge…”
Both understandings have existed among early scholars. Ibn Kathir records reports supporting both approaches and explains that much depends upon what ta’wīl is understood to mean.

That is partly why 3:7 itself became one of the great verses studied in uṣūl al-tafsīr—the principles of Qur’anic interpretation.

CLASSICAL TAFSIR
Ibn Kathir says let the clear govern the unclear for his central principle is straightforward.
  • When a verse admits several possible readings, take the interpretation consistent with the Qur’an’s muḥkam teachings.
  • He warns against doing the opposite—starting with an obscure expression and then using it to override dozens of explicit verses.
  • He gives the theological example of taking descriptions of Jesus such as “a Word” from Allah while ignoring the clear Qur’anic statements identifying Jesus as a servant and messenger of Allah.
Thus Ibn Kathir's method is: Ambiguous verse → return to clear verse → interpret consistently.

A powerful Prophetic warning: Ibn Kathir also cites the hadith of ‘Ā’ishah in which the Prophet ﷺ recited this verse and warned that when people deliberately pursue ambiguous passages in this manner, believers should be cautious of their approach.

Notice that the Qur’an does not condemn asking questions.
  • It condemns: ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ seeking confusion or discord.
  • There is therefore a tremendous difference between:
    • “I don't understand this verse; please help me understand it,” or
    • “I have already decided what I want to prove; now I will search for a verse that can be made to support me.”
  • Verse 3:7 warns primarily against the second attitude.
SCHOLARS EXPLAIN
1. Maududi: The purpose of revelation must remain central

Maududi explains muḥkamāt as the clear teachings that fulfill the fundamental purpose for which the Qur’an was revealed. The less immediately obvious passages must therefore be interpreted consistently with those foundations rather than becoming independent sources for speculative doctrines.

This is a very practical principle. The Qur’an came principally to answer questions such as:

Who is God?
Why are we here?
How should we live?
What is right and wrong?
What happens after death?

It was not revealed primarily to satisfy every speculative question humans might construct.

2.    Yusuf Ali: profound realities require human language

Yusuf Ali emphasizes another dimension. Some realities addressed by revelation are so profound that ordinary human language cannot completely encompass them. Therefore, symbolic, metaphorical and analogical language becomes necessary.

He warns against becoming dogmatic about the detailed meaning of such passages when the ultimate reality belongs to Allah's knowledge. This is especially relevant to passages describing realities beyond our experience. 

Words can point us toward the reality without making our human mental image identical to the reality itself.

3.    Ghamidi: mutashābih does not necessarily mean meaningless or incomprehensible

Ghamidi makes an important distinction. He argues that the verse does not say that the meaning of the mutashābihāt is entirely unknowable. Rather, their ultimate reality may be known only to Allah.

For example, when the Qur’an describes realities of the Hereafter, we can understand what the words communicate, yet the actual reality to which those words point remains beyond our present experience. He therefore places considerable emphasis on understanding ta’wīl here as the ultimate reality or manifestation rather than simply “dictionary meaning.”

That is a useful modern clarification.

So why did Allah include mutashābihāt at all?
Because not everything revelation speaks about belongs to the physical world accessible to our senses.

How can realities such as:

Allah's nature,
angels,
the soul,
resurrection,
Paradise,
Hell,
eternity,
the Day of Judgment

be described completely using vocabulary developed for everyday earthly experience?

Revelation therefore gives us enough understanding for guidance without claiming that our minds encompass the reality itself. This is not a defect of revelation; it reflects the limitation of human experience.

REFLECTION FOR TODAY
Thus, 3:7 is even more visibly relevant in our information age because it warns against something we encounter constantly: selective quotation. And this is actually happens more often than not. Non Muslims often take one line from a speech and misrepresent an entire speaker. 
  • Today someone can search electronically through thousands of Qur’anic verses and find a phrase supporting almost any preconceived argument if its surrounding verses, Arabic usage, Sunnah and broader Qur’anic teaching are ignored.
  • Social media has intensified this tendency enormously.
  • A screenshot containing half a verse may travel to millions of people while its context never accompanies it.
Verse 3:7 effectively warned against this mentality fourteen centuries ago.

A practical rule for us
Whenever we encounter a difficult Qur’anic verse, we should ask:

1. What do the verses immediately before and after it say?
2. Is there a clearer Qur’anic verse dealing with the same subject?
3. How did the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions understand the issue?
4. What does the Arabic expression actually permit?
5. How did reliable classical commentators understand it?
6. Am I searching for truth—or searching for confirmation of something I already want to believe? (That last question may actually be the heart of 3:7.)

The Qur’an does not merely distinguish between two kinds of verses. It distinguishes between two kinds of readers:
  • One reader approaches revelation wanting guidance.
  • The other approaches revelation wanting ammunition for a position already chosen.
  • The first says: آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا “We believe in it; all of it is from our Lord.”
  • The second hunts for ambiguity: ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ “seeking discord.”
The deeper lesson of 3:7
Surah Āl ‘Imrān 3:7 teaches intellectual humility. The Qur’an contains clear foundational guidance and also passages whose full reality requires deeper knowledge or lies beyond human perception. A sincere reader interprets what is difficult through what Allah has made clear, whereas a prejudiced reader isolates difficult passages to manufacture confusion or justify a predetermined belief. True scholarship therefore does not mean claiming to know everything—it means knowing what is clear, carefully investigating what is difficult, and humbly admitting where human knowledge ends.

And this gives us a beautiful formula for Qur’anic study:

Clear verses establish our faith → difficult verses deepen our reflection → scholarship guides our understanding → humility protects us from speculation.

An effort has been made as to how to interpret the Qur'an. However caution must be exercised when interpreting a difficult verse for it requires complete understanding of Arabic language, the ability to correlate two more more verses on the same subject and the context in which these were revealed. If one is not confident or educationally not sound of theology, one may clarify one's doubt from imams and scholar of repute and impartiality.
May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 
وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 
(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”
That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Surah 3. Al-i'Imran (The Family of Imran) already published

You may also refer to our exclusive reference pages: 
You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.
| Photo |
Sources & Further Reading
Qur'an: 3:7
Ibn Kathir: Tafsir  | 1 | 2 |

Disclaimer: 
  • The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.
  • This post is not intended to "force" preach, convert, or criticize any belief system. The views shared are meant to inspire dialogue, understanding, and reflection about Islam. Viewer discretion is advised, especially for those navigating sensitive religious experiences. Always seek knowledge with an open heart and mind.
If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Wednesday, 16 September 2026

Surah Al-Furqān 25:45 explains the deeper meaning of the moving shadow as a sign

The Qur’an is, above all, guidance for all mankind—showing humanity how to know its Creator, distinguish truth from falsehood, and live with faith, justice, mercy and responsibility. Yet its guidance is not exhausted by a superficial reading. Again and again, the Qur’an invites people to reflect, ponder and use reason. For those who approach its verses thoughtfully, its words unfold layers of divine wisdom about human nature, morality, history, creation and the purpose of life. Thus, the Qur’an is not merely a book to be recited; it is a book to be understood, contemplated and lived, with deeper reflection continually revealing lessons that shape both the mind and the heart.

For those seeking deeper meaning of Divine wisdom, Surah Al-Furqān 25:45 draws their attention to the simple but profound phenomenon of the moving shadow as a sign of Allah’s power and order in creation. The shadow lengthens, shortens, and changes direction according to the Sun, showing that even ordinary natural events follow precise laws and patterns. The verse invites us not merely to see nature, but to reflect on it: what seems commonplace is actually part of a finely ordered universe. Scientifically, the changing shadow corresponds to the Sun’s apparent movement across the sky due to Earth’s rotation, but the verse’s deeper purpose is spiritual—to awaken wonder, observation, humility, and recognition of the Creator behind the order of creation.

Let us try to explain the wisdom behind this single verse which could be understood more with a scientific mind or are the students of physics or those lucky ones who try to reflect deeply on every verse of Qur'an to ponder over Divine wisdom.

THE QUR'AN SAYS
Actual verse (Surah Al-Furqān 25:45). The verse says:

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَيْفَ مَدَّ ٱلظِّلَّ وَلَوْ شَآءَ لَجَعَلَهُۥ سَاكِنًا ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا ٱلشَّمْسَ عَلَيْهِ دَلِيلًا
“Have you not seen how your Lord extends the shadow? Had He willed, He could have made it stationary. Then We made the sun its guide.” — Al-Furqān 25:45

This verse becomes even clearer when read with the next verse:

ثُمَّ قَبَضْنَاهُ إِلَيْنَا قَبْضًا يَسِيرًا “Then We withdraw it towards Us, a gradual withdrawal.” — 25:46

The Qur’an is asking us to stop before an everyday phenomenon most people scarcely notice: a shadow is never random. Its position, direction and length are governed by the position of the Sun.

What does the verse mean? - CLASSICAL TAFSIR
Classical commentators understood the verse primarily as a sign of Allah's creative power and ordering of nature, rather than as a technical astronomy lesson. Ibn Kathīr records the explanation of Ibn Abbas and several early authorities that the “extended shadow” particularly refers to the broad shade between dawn and sunrise. As sunlight rises, that shade is progressively withdrawn. He explains “We made the sun its guide” to mean that the Sun reveals and determines the shadow: the phenomenon becomes perceptible through the contrast between light and shade.

This is part of a larger sequence in 25:45–49 where the Qur’an directs attention away from argument and toward observable creation: shadow and sunlight, night and sleep, day and activity, winds, clouds and life-giving rain. The argument is essentially:

The Striking Scientific relevance
Look carefully at the ordinary world. Its regularity itself is extraordinary. Modern physics and astronomy explain precisely why a shadow behaves as the verse describes.
  • A shadow is determined by three things: light source → obstructing object → receiving surface.
  • With the Sun as the light source, the direction and length of a terrestrial shadow depend directly on the Sun's apparent position in the sky.
  • If a vertical object has height h, and the Sun's elevation above the horizon is α, its approximate shadow length is: L=h/tan(α)
  • So:
    • when the Sun is low, the shadow is long;
    • as the Sun rises, the shadow gradually shortens;
    • near local solar noon it reaches its daily minimum;
    • as the Sun descends, the shadow lengthens again.
  • This makes the expression: “We made the Sun its guide”
  • Remarkably apt from an observational standpoint. Knowing the Sun's position tells you where the shadow will be; observing the shadow can conversely tell you something about the Sun's position.
  • That principle is exactly what underlies a sundial.
But what makes the shadow move?
The Sun appears to travel across the sky from east to west. Modern astronomy tells us that this daily apparent movement results mainly from Earth rotating on its axis. NASA describes Earth's rotation as producing the approximately 24-hour solar day and explains that the Sun's changing position in our sky is related to Earth's rotation, revolution and axial tilt.

Therefore there is a beautiful chain:

Earth rotates
↓
Sun's apparent position changes
↓
angle of sunlight changes
↓
shadow changes direction and length
↓
shadow is gradually extended and withdrawn

That is exactly the kind of observable phenomenon 25:45–46 asks the reader to contemplate.

Does “If He willed, He could have made it stationary” refer to Earth's rotation?
This requires some care. 
  • It is tempting to say, “The Qur’an is explicitly talking about Earth's rotation.” That goes further than the text itself.
  • Classical scholars did not interpret the verse as a technical declaration that Earth rotates. They understood سَاكِنًا — sākinan as fixed, unmoving or permanent: Allah could have made the condition of shade remain unchanged.
Modern astronomy helps us understand one physical mechanism responsible for changing shadows—Earth's rotation—but the Qur’an does not explicitly say here, “Earth rotates.” 

So the stronger and more intellectually responsible formulation is:

The verse is fully compatible with the astronomical mechanism discovered through science, while its primary purpose is theological and reflective rather than to teach celestial mechanics.

That distinction is important when discussing the Qur’an with scientifically minded non-Muslims.

There is another fascinating scientific detail
The shadow does not suddenly jump from long to short. Rather, its position changes continuously and progressively.

Verse 46 says: قَبْضًا يَسِيرًا — qabḍan yasīrā meaning approximately a gentle/gradual withdrawal.

Ibn Kathīr cites the early explanation “little by little.” That is exactly what observation shows. Because Earth's rotation is continuous, the Sun's apparent angular position changes continuously and consequently the geometry of the shadow changes continuously.

NASA similarly explains that Earth's rotation causes the Sun's daily apparent movement across the sky.

Shadows also allowed humans to measure the world
This simple phenomenon became extraordinarily important scientifically. By studying the Sun and shadows, humans learned to determine:
  • time of day, through sundials;
  • direction, including the solar meridian;
  • solar altitude, from shadow length;
  • seasonal changes, from changing solar paths;
  • and even aspects of Earth's geometry.
So when the Qur’an says: “We made the Sun a guide to it” there is a profound observational truth embedded in that wording: a shadow contains information about its source of illumination.

A deeper reflection
There is something beautiful about Allah choosing a shadow as an āyah (sign). A shadow has no independent existence. It changes because something greater than itself—the source of light—changes its relationship to it.

We usually notice the Sun. But the Qur’an asks us to notice what the Sun does.

Morning comes. Shadows stretch enormously across the ground. They shrink almost imperceptibly. At noon they gather close to objects. In the afternoon they begin extending in the opposite direction.

And this happens every day with mathematical regularity while most human beings walk through it without thinking. That is precisely the Qur’anic method of awakening consciousness: أَلَمْ تَرَ — “Have you not seen?”

The phenomenon was always before your eyes. The Qur’an simply asks you to look again.

The scientific lesson and spiritual lesson meet
Science answers: How does the shadow move? Earth rotates; the Sun's apparent altitude and azimuth change; therefore the direction and length of shadows change predictably.

The Qur’an asks a different question: Why do you pass through such an exquisitely ordered world without reflecting upon the One who established its order?

Thus I would summarize 25:45–46 as:

The moving shadow is not presented as a scientific miracle to replace astronomy; it is presented as an invitation to astronomy-like observation. Look carefully at a familiar phenomenon, discover the extraordinary order behind it, and allow knowledge of creation to lead you toward reflection upon the Creator.

This makes Al-Furqān 25:45–46 particularly valuable when speaking with a scientifically minded non-Muslim: the Qur’an is not asking the person to stop questioning nature, but to begin observing it more deeply. Although Qur'an is not a science book, yet it leave footprints that science later discovered to be true and relevant to our times. This is the Divine wisdom many of us are unaware of.
May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 
وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 
(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”
That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sūrah 25. Al-Furqān " اَلْفُرْقَانْ‎ " (The Criterion), already published

You may also refer to our exclusive reference pages: 
You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.
| Photo |
Sources & Further Reading
Qur'an: 29:19–20

Disclaimer: 
  • The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.
  • This post is not intended to "force" preach, convert, or criticize any belief system. The views shared are meant to inspire dialogue, understanding, and reflection about Islam. Viewer discretion is advised, especially for those navigating sensitive religious experiences. Always seek knowledge with an open heart and mind.
If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Monday, 14 September 2026

Surah Al-Isrāʾ 17:23–39 and the Ten Commandments

We have recently published the explanation and interpretation a passage covering verses 23-39 of Surah al-Isrāʾ 17:23–39. This passage is considered as one of the Qur’an’s most comprehensive passages on personal morality, family responsibility, social justice, economic ethics and intellectual integrity. It begins with Tawḥīd and ends by returning to Tawḥīd, showing that Islamic morality is not detached from faith: our treatment of parents, money, sexuality, human life, contracts, knowledge and even our manner of walking ultimately flows from accountability before Allah.

Many scholars find a a striking thematic resemblance of the passage of Surah al-Isrāʾ 17:23–39 to the Ten Commandments of the Old Testament. The Qur’anic passage is not simply a repetition of the Decalogue, but it develops many of the same foundational principles into a broader ethical code. Today through this post, we will share the scholarly explanation of the correlation they find with the famous Ten Commandments of the Old Testament, especially Exodus 20:1–17 and Deuteronomy 5:6–21

THE QUR'ANIC CORRELATION
The following explanation should be read with our earlier post: "Al Qur'an spells out a comprehensive charter of personal morality, family responsibility, justice, economic ethics and intellectual integrity" for better understanding and correlation.

1.    Quranic Verse 23
  • Qur’an: “Do not worship except Him.”
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall have no other gods before Me.” — Exodus 20:3
  • Relationship: Both begin morality with exclusive devotion to the One God.
2.    Quranic Verse 24
  • Qur’an: Be excellent to parents; do not even say ‘uff’ to them
  • Ten Commandments: “Honor your father and your mother.” — Exodus 20:12
  • Relationship: One of the clearest parallels. The Qur’an expands the command by describing tenderness, humility and prayer for parents.
3.    Quranic Verse 31
  • Qur’an: Do not kill your children for fear of poverty
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall not murder.” — Exodus 20:13
  • Relationship: The Qur’an applies the sanctity of life specifically to infanticide and economic fear.
4.    Quranic Verse 32
  • Qur’an: “Do not approach zina.”
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall not commit adultery.” — Exodus 20:14
  • Relationship: Both protect sexual morality and the family. The Qur’an goes further by prohibiting even the paths leading toward illicit sexual relations.
5.    Quranic Verse 33
  • Qur’an: Do not kill the life Allah has made sacred except with right
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall not murder.” — Exodus 20:13
  • Relationship: A direct ethical parallel concerning the sanctity of human life.
6.    Quranic Verse 34
  • Qur’an: Do not approach the orphan's property except in the best manner
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall not steal.” — Exodus 20:15
  • Relationship: The Qur’an particularly protects the property of the vulnerable.
7.    Quranic Verse 34
  • Qur’an: Fulfil your commitments
  • Ten Commandments: Moral spirit behind the covenant commandments
  • Relationship: Not an exact Decalogue command, but closely connected to faithfulness, honesty and responsibility.
8.    Quranic Verse 35
  • Qur’an: Give full measure and weigh with an even balance
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall not steal.”
  • Relationship: Dishonest measurement is effectively a form of theft; the Qur’an explicitly extends property ethics into commerce.
9.    Quranic Verse 36
  • Qur’an: Do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge
  • Ten Commandments: “You shall not bear false witness.” — Exodus 20:16
  • Relationship: Closely related to truthfulness: do not make claims, accusations or testimony without knowledge.
10.   Quranic Verse 37
  • Qur’an: Do not walk arrogantly upon the earth
  • Ten Commandments: No direct equivalent
  • Relationship: The Qur’an adds an inner moral dimension: pride itself corrupts human conduct.
11.   Quranic Verse 26-29
  • Qur’an: Give relatives, the poor and traveler their rights; avoid miserliness and extravagance
  • Ten Commandments: No direct equivalent
  • Relationship: A major Qur’anic expansion: morality includes social responsibility toward the needy.
Where the parallels are strongest
Four commandments are particularly obvious.
  • First: Worship God alone.
    • The Decalogue begins: “You shall have no other gods before Me.” — Exodus 20:3
    • The Qur’anic passage begins similarly: وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ “Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.” — Qur’an 17:23
    • Both traditions therefore establish a crucial principle: moral life begins with recognizing the sovereignty of the One God.
  • Second: Honour your parents
    • The Fifth Commandment says: “Honor your father and your mother.” — Exodus 20:12
    • The Qur’an not only repeats the principle but gives it emotional depth:
      • “Do not say to them even ‘uff,’ nor repel them, but speak to them a noble word.” — 17:23
      • Then: “Lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, ‘My Lord, have mercy upon them as they raised me when I was small.’” — 17:24
      • So the Qur’an turns “honour your parents” into a whole philosophy of care for ageing parents.
  • Third: Do not murder
    • The Old Testament commands: “You shall not murder.” — Exodus 20:13
    • Surah al-Isrāʾ gives the same principle:
      • “Do not take a life which Allah has made sacred, except with legal right.” — 17:33
    • But immediately before it comes another powerful application: “Do not kill your children for fear of poverty.” — 17:31
    • The Qur’an therefore links the general sanctity of life with a very specific social evil: killing children because of economic anxiety.
  • Fourth: Sexual morality
    • The Decalogue states: “You shall not commit adultery.” — Exodus 20:14
    • The Qur’an says: وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَىٰ “Do not even approach zina.” — 17:32
    • The wording is significant. It does not merely say do not commit adultery; it says do not approach it. Thus Islamic ethics concerns not merely the final act, but also behaviours and circumstances that may lead toward sexual immorality.
Other derived similarities
  • Theft becomes a broader economic ethic
    • The Ten Commandments say: “You shall not steal.” — Exodus 20:15
    • Al Qur'an Surah 17 expands the principle in several directions:
      • 17:26 — Give relatives, the needy and traveler their due.
      • 17:29 — Neither be miserly nor recklessly extravagant.
      • 17:34 — Do not misuse an orphan's property.
      • 17:35 — Give full measure and weigh accurately.
    • Thus the Qur’anic concept goes beyond simply “do not take what belongs to another.”
    • It asks:
      • Are you giving people what belongs to them?
      • Are you exploiting vulnerable people?
      • Are you cheating customers?
      • Are you using wealth responsibly?
    • That is an important development of the same underlying ethical principle.
  • False witness and intellectual honesty
    • The Ninth Commandment says: “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.” — Exodus 20:16
    • The Qur’an gives a broader principle: “Do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge. Indeed, the hearing, the sight and the heart—each of these will be questioned.” — 17:36
    • This can encompass false testimony, rumours, accusations, misinformation and irresponsible claims.
    • In the modern world this verse has extraordinary relevance to social media, fake news, character assassination and forwarding information without verification.
Important differences
The correspondence is significant, but it is not exact. 
  • Two of the Ten Commandments do not have direct counterparts in this particular Qur’anic passage: the command concerning the Sabbath and the prohibition against taking God's name in vain.
  • Likewise, Surah 17 contains several important teachings absent from the Ten Commandments themselves: responsibility toward the poor and traveler, protection of orphan property, prohibition of extravagance, honest weights and measures, intellectual responsibility, and condemnation of arrogance.
End Note
So we should not say that 17:23–39 is simply the Qur’anic Ten Commandments. Rather, it belongs to the same tradition of Abrahamic moral monotheism, while developing that ethical framework in its own distinctive way.

A particularly interesting Qur’anic conclusion
After giving these commands in 17:23-39, Allah says: “All of this is among the wisdom your Lord has revealed to you.” — 17:39

That is significant. These are not presented merely as disconnected prohibitions. They constitute ḥikmah — wisdom.

The passage (17:23-39) begins with: Your relationship with God: Do not worship anyone besides Him. It then moves to: 
  • Your family: Honour your parents.
  • Your society: Care for the poor and vulnerable.
  • Human life: Do not kill.
  • Sexual morality: Do not approach zina.
  • Economic justice: Do not misuse wealth or cheat.
  • Truth and knowledge: Do not speak without knowledge.
  • And finally: Your own character: Do not walk arrogantly upon the earth.
The larger message
Seen alongside the Ten Commandments, Al-Isrāʾ 17:23–39 shows the remarkable continuity of the prophetic moral tradition: worship One God, honour parents, protect life, preserve sexual morality, respect property, speak truthfully and live responsibly.

But the Qur’an develops these principles into something even broader:

Tawḥīd → family responsibility → social compassion → sanctity of life → sexual integrity → economic justice → intellectual honesty → humility.

That makes 17:23–39 one of the strongest Qur’anic passages to show a Jewish or Christian reader, because it demonstrates that Islam does not present itself as an entirely disconnected religion; it presents itself as a continuation and restoration of the same fundamental call to One God and righteous living taught by the earlier prophets.
May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 
وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 
(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”
That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah 17. Al-Isra'ʾ (The Night Journey) already published from Sürah 17. Al-Isra'ʾ.

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