Al Qur'an: Selected verses from Sürah (30) ’Ar-Rūm (The Romans)

In our series of posts on Selected verses from Selected Surahs of AL Qur'an, we share today the selected surahs from the 30th Surah of Al Qur'an labelled as Surah ’Ar-Rūm (The Romans (Arabic: الروم). The Surah consisting of 60 verses (āyāt) is part of the Juzʼ 21 having six Rukus.

The Surah was revealed during the stay of Prophet Muhammad in Makkah. This surah is remarkable because it connects faith with real historical events, showing that world history unfolds under divine control, not blind chance, for its central historical reference being the defeat and later victory of the Byzantine (Roman) Empire, as predicted in this Surah.

We have already shared the Tafseer / Exegesis of the Surah which can be read from links given below:

| Historical Background | Exegesis |

Herein under we will only present a condensed overview of the entire Sūrah, for the scope of this post is to only to introduce the Sūrah and provide links to some of the selected verses from this Sūrah for selective reading / references. The following bird eye view includes the context, major themes and subjects and lessons that we can learn from this Sūrah, followed by references to  some of the selected verses already published.

Period of Revelation

The period of the revelation of this Surah is determined absolutely by the historical event that has been mentioned at the outset. It says: "The Romans have been vanquished in the neighboring land." In those days the Byzantine occupied territories adjacent to Arabia were Jordan, Syria and Palestine, and in these territories the Romans were completely overpowered by the Iranians in 615 A. D. Therefore, it can be said with absolute certainty that this Surah was sent down in the same year. This was the same year in which the migration to Habash took place.

Readers may open our earlier post: Historical Background of revelation of Surah ’Ar-Rūm, in order to have a peep of the time when this Surah was revealed for better understanding of the Surah itself.

 Core significance of Surah Ar-Rūm

Allah governs history, nature, and human hearts; faith is aligned with reality, not detached from it. 

Some of the Important Verses of the Surah with brief explanation

• A unique Qur’anic prophecy (30:2–4)
• The Verse: The Romans have been defeated… but after their defeat they will overcome, within a few years.”
• Why this is significant: At the time, the Romans’ defeat seemed final, but the Qur’an publicly predicted their comeback and the prophecy was fulfilled within the stated timeframe
• Lesson: What looks irreversible to humans is never beyond Allah’s power.
• Today’s relevance: (1) Decline is not destiny, (2) Political or moral collapse is not permanent, and that (3)Hope must be anchored in Allah, not trends
• Victory and defeat are moral tests, not proof of truth (30:4–5)
• The Verse: “On that day the believers will rejoice—by the help of Allah.”
• Muslims rejoiced not because Romans were perfect. But because truth is not tied to immediate power.
• Lesson: Do not judge right and wrong by who is winning.
• Human shortsightedness (30:6–7)
• The Verse: “They know what is apparent of worldly life, but of the Hereafter they are heedless.”
• A timeless diagnosis: People master economics, politics, technology, yet neglect ultimate purpose and accountability
• Signs of Allah in nature and society (30:8–27)
• Surah Ar-Rūm repeatedly uses the phrase: “ومن آياته” – “And among His signs…”
• These signs include: (1) Creation of humans, (2) Diversity of languages and colors (30:22), (3) Love and mercy between spouses (30:21), and (4) Sleep, rain, life after death
• Lesson: Faith is rooted in reflection, not blind belief.
• Marriage as a spiritual sign (30:21)
• “He created for you spouses… and placed between you affection and mercy.”
• Significance: Marriage is not merely social, rather it is a sign of divine design. 
• Fiṭrah – the natural moral compass (30:30)
• The Verse: “Adhere to the fiṭrah of Allah upon which He created mankind.”
• This verse means Islam aligns with human nature, while corruption comes from deviation, not religion
• Corruption as a human-made problem (30:41)
• The Verse: “Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what people’s hands have earned.”
• A striking contemporary verse points towards Environmental damage, Social breakdown and Moral decay.
• Lesson: Crises are warnings, not accidents.
• Patience and long-term vision (30:60)
• The verse: “So be patient. Indeed, the promise of Allah is true.”
• This closes the surah by returning to its opening theme which tells that History moves slowly and the Truth prevails eventually

Surah Ar-Rūm teaches that Allah governs history and nature, worldly success is temporary, faith aligns with human nature, and patience anchored in divine promise is the key to navigating turbulent times.

Lessons for us today (in brief)

• Do not despair during decline
• Do not idolize power or progress
• Reflect on nature as a path to faith
• Protect fiṭrah in personal and social life
• See crises as moral wake-up calls
• Trust Allah’s timing

Selected verses explained

Now let us share herein some of the selected ayat / verses from this surah already shared:

• Verse 9: Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those who disbelieved?
• Verse 19: It is Allah Who brings forth the living from the dead and brings forth the dead from the living
• Verse 41: When does Evil become rife on land and sea
• Verse 60: Three verses which together form a complete Qur’anic framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength

In time we shall add more selected verses from this Surah for better understanding and awareness.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

Three verses which together form a complete Qur’anic framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength

AL Qur'an is not only a Book of Guidance for the ordinaries, but is also a Book  of Wisdom for those who reflect over its verses deeply and connect different verses to find a hidden correlation. We have been sharing selected verses from various Surahs of Al Qur'an - but in this post we share three verses form different Surahs of Al Qur'an which together form a complete Qur’anic framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength.  Each verse covers one layer of reality, and when paired, they produce balance.

These verses are: Surah 30. Ar-Rum: 60, Surah 28. Al-Qasas: 56 and Surah 36. Ya-Sin: 82. Herein under we correlate 30:60 with other two verses and try to establish a framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength. Da'wah has been the sole responsibility of prophets and messengers of Allah. They faced stiff resistance in convincing the non believers to come to the way of one true God. Yet in most of the cases they could not succeed and felt demoralized. For their consolation, Allah told them that their responsibility was only to convey the Da'wah to the audience and then be patient for it is Allah who guides He wills. In this backdrop, now correlate the three verses and understand the Qur'anic framework.

Pairing 30:60 with 28:56 — Da'wah & Emotional Resilience

• The verses
• (28:56) - “You do not guide whom you love, but Allah guides whom He wills.”
• (30:60) “So be patient. Indeed, the promise of Allah is true. And do not let those who lack certainty weaken your resolve.”
• How these work together
• (28:56) Defines your limit, You cannot control guidance, Removes guilt, and Prevents arrogance
• (30:60) Defines your posture,  You must not lose resolve, Builds patience, and Builds patience.
• Da'wah Principle formed: Together these Convey sincerely, accept your limits, remain patient and stay firm despite rejection.
• Practical example: You explain Islam to someone and they reject it.
• 28:56 says: It was never your power
• 30:60 says: Do not let their doubt shake you
• The combination induces Emotional balance and spiritual maturity.

Pairing 30:60 with 36:82 — Faith & Certainty in Allah’s Power

• The verses
• (36:82): “When He intends a thing, He only says to it: ‘Be,’ and it is.”
• (30:60) “The promise of Allah is true… do not let the uncertain weaken you.”
• How these verses work together
• (Verse 36:82): Explains how Allah acts, that is Allah has the Absolute divine power, Allah has Instant Divine power, and His commands are instant
• (Verse 30:60) Explains how you should respond and require human patience when experiencing delays. This means extreme Perseverance at human level.
• Faith Principle formed: What Allah wills is effortless for Him but its realization / unfolding requires your patience.
• Practical example: Justice seems delayed, yet in time its unfolding surfaces exhibiting Divine wisdom. That means 36:82 says: It is effortless for Allah, and 30:60 says: So do not lose resolve. Remember Hope without illusion, patience without weakness.

All three verses together — A complete Qur’anic triangle

The above explanations this establishes a framework which envisages:

• 36:82  means Absolute Power rests with Allah
• 28:56  exhibits Human Limit (You / the inviter)
• 30:60  tells us Human Duty is to performed with Patience & firmness.

The Framework so established teaches us that (1) Allah has total control, (2) Humans have defined responsibility and that (3) Believers must maintain steadfast character

One-line synthesis

Allah has absolute power (36:82), guidance belongs to Him alone (28:56), and your role as an inviter is patient, unwavering faith without being shaken by doubt (30:60).

Why this pairing is powerful today

This framework of three verses is a must for all those involved in Da'wah. Its better understanding would:

• Prevent burnout in Da'wah.
• Protect from despair during injustice.
• Counter skepticism and mockery. and
• Build quiet, confident faith

Therefore , all believers Da'wah to the non Muslims must understand this framework so that they do not get dejected when confronted with a non receptive audience and have patience. Having extended Da'wah utilizing their best of abilities, they should leave to Allah for the results and have firm faith in doing so. This framework when understood completely boosts inner strength of the inviters to continue extending Da'wah and be rest assured that Allah will never fail them in their efforts.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Da'wah - The Invitation to Non-Muslims to Islam to know more Da'wah and its dynamics and modalities. You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those who disbelieved?

The universe in general and our earth in particular was made by Allah for us to ponder over the why of such creation and also the fate of those who disbelieved in these creations to negate the presence of the Divine Being, the sole Creator and Administrator.

In Qur'an, a number of verses draw the attention of its readers the fate of those who were once the mightiest, towering in stature and considered them as so powerful that could not be subdued. If we travel around the world, we find man made structures that leave us in awe as these structures could not have been made by ordinary humans. Those who built these were given extraordinary powers and built to structure mighty columns cutting through rocky mountains. Yet their arrogance made them vanish as the Divine wrath fell on them for disbelieving their Creator.

In the Qur'an, it has been reminded to man a number of times to travel through land and see how arrogance of people of earlier times led them to destruction, leaving only traces of their giant structures as a warning for the people who would follow to learn a lesson and believe in their Creator. These were the people who denied the messengers sent to them and mocked them as was Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was mocked. One such verse is shared herein under:

اَوَلَمۡ يَسِيۡرُوۡا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ فَيَنۡظُرُوۡا كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِيۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِهِمۡ​ؕ كَانُوۡۤا اَشَدَّ مِنۡهُمۡ قُوَّةً وَّاَثَارُوا الۡاَرۡضَ وَعَمَرُوۡهَاۤ اَكۡثَرَ مِمَّا عَمَرُوۡهَا وَجَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُهُمۡ بِالۡبَيِّنٰتِ​ ؕ فَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيَظۡلِمَهُمۡ وَلٰـكِنۡ كَانُوۡۤا اَنۡفُسَهُمۡ يَظۡلِمُوۡنَ ؕ‏

“Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those before them? They were greater than them in strength, and they cultivated the earth and built it up more than they have built it up. And their messengers came to them with clear proofs. And Allah would not ever have wronged them, but they were wronging themselves.” (Surah Ar-Rum, 30:9)

The verse is found in multiple places in the Qur'an, such as in Surah Yusuf (12:109), Surah Al-Hajj (22:46), and others, with slight variations. 

"Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those before them? " As per historians and scholars, this is a reference to the ‘Ād, the Thamūd, the people of Lot (sws) and Madyan who continued to persist on their denial even after the truth had been conclusively conveyed to them by God’s messengers and were ultimately destroyed. After directing attention to the arguments found within human beings and those outside them, the Qur’ān generally directs attention to the incidents of worldly reward and punishment which were faced by ancient nations of Arabia.

This verse serves as a reminder to reflect upon history and the fate of past nations who disobeyed Allah's commands, rejected His messengers, and lived in arrogance. Through this reflection, the Qur'an calls people to recognize the consequences of disbelief, arrogance, and heedlessness.

Key Points of Reflection

• Travel and Observation: The Qur'an encourages people to travel and observe the remnants of past civilizations, such as the ruins of Aad, Thamud, and Pharaoh’s empire. These civilizations were advanced, powerful, and prosperous, but their arrogance and disobedience to Allah led to their downfall.
• Arrogance and Disobedience: The verse emphasizes that the destruction of these nations was due to their own actions—arrogance, corruption, and rejection of divine guidance. Despite being more powerful and resourceful, their might could not save them from Allah's punishment.
• Role of Messengers: The messengers were sent with clear signs and warnings, but these nations chose to ignore them, leading to their ultimate ruin. This is a warning to contemporary and future generations to heed the message of the Qur'an and follow its guidance.
• Allah’s Justice: The verse stresses that Allah does not wrong anyone. Instead, people bring about their own ruin through their actions and choices. “And your Lord is not unjust to His servants.” (Surah Fussilat, 41:46)

Relevance and Lessons

• Learning from History: History is filled with examples of civilizations that rose and fell. Observing their rise and fall reminds us of the transient nature of worldly power and wealth. This teaches humility and submission to Allah.
• Warning Against Arrogance: No amount of strength, knowledge, or wealth can protect against Allah’s decree. True success lies in obedience and submission to Him.
• Accountability: The verse reminds believers that everyone will be accountable for their actions, just as past nations were.
• Encouragement to Travel and Reflect: Exploring historical ruins and understanding their lessons fosters a deeper connection with Allah’s guidance and the reality of His justice.

Hadith Connection

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized learning from the past. He said:

“The wise person is the one who holds himself accountable and works for what comes after death, and the foolish person is the one who allows his desires to control him and places false hope in Allah.” (Tirmidhi)

This hadith complements the verse by urging reflection on consequences and accountability, encouraging believers to act wisely.

The verse serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of rejecting Divine guidance and the importance of humility and faith in Allah. It invites reflection on the signs of history, urging humanity to avoid the mistakes of past nations and turn to Allah for guidance and success.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎)  help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

For more Selected Verses, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Tafsir References: | 1 | 2 | 3 | Input has also been taken from ChatGPT for expanding the meaning of the verse

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of the Qur'ān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, references of other sources which have been explored have also been given above. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

When does Evil become rife on land and sea

This universe was created by Allah and well provisioned for man to live in peace and thank Allah for being blessed with so much around him to live a comfortable life in complete gratitude to Allah. But the machinations of Evil are too lucrative for the man to sway away from the path shown by Allah and get distracted to lewdness and sinful life. It is because of these bad deeds of the man that Evil becomes strife on land and sea and man drown in depths of ignorance, self damage and nuisance for others.

We share today the 41st verse of Surah 30 Ar Rum which explains how evil spreads due to man's own deeds:

ظَهَرَ الۡفَسَادُ فِى الۡبَرِّ وَالۡبَحۡرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ اَيۡدِى النَّاسِ لِيُذِيۡقَهُمۡ بَعۡضَ الَّذِىۡ عَمِلُوۡا لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُوۡنَ‏ 

(30:41) Evil has become rife on the land and at sea because of men's deeds; this in order that He may cause them to have a taste of some of their deeds; perhaps they will turn back (from evil).

Here "Man's own doings" mean the wickedness and oppression and tyranny, which inevitably appear in human conduct and character as a result of adopting shirk and atheism and ignoring the Hereafter. "Maybe they mend their ways" means that Allah shows the evil consequences of some of the acts of men in this world before the punishment of the Hereafter so that they understand the reality, feel the error of their conjectures and turn to the righteous belief, which the Prophets of Allah have been presenting before man since the earliest times, and besides adopting which there is no other way of ordering human conduct on sound foundations. This subject has been presented at several places in the Qur'an, e.g. in At-Taubah: 126, Ar-Ra'd: 31, As-Sajdah: 21, Al-Tur: 47, reproduced here in under:

[At-Taubah: 126] Do they not see that they are tried every year once or twice? Yet they neither repent nor take heed.

(Ar-Ra'd: 31) And what would have happened were a Qur'an to be revealed wherewith mountains could be set in motion, or the earth cleft, or the dead made to speak? (To show such signs is not at all difficult for) everything rests entirely with Allah. So, do not the people of faith (still look forward to such a sign in response to the demand of the unbelievers and) despair as a result of knowing that had Allah so willed, He could have guided all to the Truth. Misfortune continues to afflict the unbelievers on account of their misdeeds, or to befall on locations close to their habitation. This will continue until Allah's promise (of chastisement) is fulfilled. Indeed Allah does not go back upon His promise.

(As-Sajdah: 21) We shall certainly have them taste some chastisement in this world in addition to the greater chastisement (of the Hereafter); perhaps they will retract (from their transgression).

(Al-Tur: 47,) Surely a chastisement awaits the wrong-doers even before the coming of that Day; but most of them do not know 

Tafsir Ibn-Kathir: ( ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ Evil has appeared) "The rain is withheld from the land and this is followed by famine, and it is withheld from the sea, adversely affecting the animals which live in it.'' 

This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim, who said: "Muhammad bin `Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Muqri' told us, from Sufyan from Humayd bin Qays Al-A`raj from Mujahid: ( ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِى الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ Evil has appeared on land and sea) "Evil on land means the killing of the son of Adam, and evil on the sea means piracy.'' 

According to the first opinion, the phrase, ( ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِى الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِى النَّاسِ Evil has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned, ) means the shortfall in the crops and fruits is because of sins. Abu Al-`Aliyah said: "Whoever disobeys Allah in the earth has corrupted it, because the good condition of the earth and the heavens depends on obedience to Allah.'' 

Hence it says in the Hadith which was recorded by Abu Dawud:

(Any prescribed punishment which is carried out in the land is better for its people than if it were to rain for forty days.) The reason for that is that if the prescribed punishments are carried out, this will deter the people -- most or many of them -- from violating the prohibitions of Allah. If they give up sin, this will be a cause of blessings in the skies and on the earth. So, when `Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, comes down at the end of time, he will judge according to this Shari`ah at that time, and will kill the pigs and break the cross and abolish the Jizyah. He will accept nothing except Islam or the sword. When Allah destroys the Dajjal and his followers, and Ya'juj and Ma'juj during his time, it will be said to the earth, bring forth your blessing. Then groups of people will eat from one pomegranate, and will seek shade beneath its skin, and the milk of one pregnant camel will be sufficient for a group of people. This will only be because of the blessings that will result from application of the Shari`ah of Muhammad . The more justice is established, the more the blessings and good things will increase. 

It was reported in the Sahih: (When the evildoer dies, it is a relief for the people, the land, the trees and the animals.) Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded that Abu Qahdham said: "At the time of Ziyad or Ibn Ziyad, a man found a cloth in which were wrapped grains of wheat which were as big as date stones; on it was written: `This grew at a time when justice prevailed.'''

( لِيُذِيقَهُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِى عَمِلُواْ that He may make them taste a part of that which they have done,) means, He tries them with the loss of wealth, souls and fruits as a test and as a punishment for what they have done.

( لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ in order that they may return.) means, from disobedience. This is like the Ayah, (And We tried them with good and evil in order that they might turn.) (7:168).  

Asad Ali Explanation: The growing corruption and destruction of our natural environment, so awesomely - if as yet only partially - demonstrated in our time, is here predicted as "an outcome of what men's hands have wrought", i.e., of that self-destructive - because utterly materialistic - inventiveness and frenzied activity which now threatens mankind with previously unimaginable ecological disasters: an unbridled pollution of land, air and water through industrial and urban waste, a progressive poisoning of plant and marine life, all manner of genetic malformations in men's own bodies through an ever-widening use of drugs and seemingly "beneficial" chemicals, and the gradual extinction of many animal species essential to human well-being. To all this may be added the rapid deterioration and decomposition of man's social life, the all-round increase in sexual perversion, crime and violence, with, perhaps, nuclear annhihilation as the ultimate stage: all of which is, in the last resort, an outcome of man's oblivion of God and, hence, of all absolute values, and their supersession by the belief that material "progress" is the only thing that matters.

Yusuf Ali Explanation: Allah's Creation was pure and good in itself. All the mischief or corruption was introduced by Evil, viz., arrogance, selfishness, etc. As soon as the mischief has come in, Allah's mercy and goodness step in to stop it. The consequences of Evil must be evil, and this should be shown in such partial punishment as 'the hands of men have earned," so that it may be a warning for the future and an invitation to enter the door of repentance.

The ultimate object of Allah's justice and punishment is to reclaim man from Evil, and to restore him to the pristine purity and innocence in which he was created. The Evil introduced by his possession of a limited free-will should be eliminated by the education and purification of man's own will. For, with his will and motives purified, he is capable of much greater heights than a creature not endowed with any free-will.

Javed Ahmad Ghamidi Explanation:

The war and enmity between Rome and Persia mentioned earlier in the sūrah is referred to here. Such disorder has ensued in human history from time to time. In recent times, the first and second world wars are its examples. It ensues when the vested interests of people and the desire to dominate others makes them totally disregard ethical principles and instead of justice and fairness they resort to oppression and injustice.

( has ensued in the land and the sea ) These words are meant to comprehensively cover all places, the way we say expressions like, day and night and morning and evening.

( [This is inviting God] that He make them taste the flavour of some of their misdeeds so that they pay heed ) It is in the Hereafter that people will taste the flavour of all their misdeeds but at times some of their misdeeds are punished in this world. The purpose is to warn people so that they turn to their Lord before the reward and punishment of the Hereafter.

Tafseer Al Qurthubi: Said in Quran that fasad (damage) shown in land and sea because of the doings of mankind. The what is the meaning of fasad?

The scholars differed in interpreting the meaning of “al fasad (damage) on land and at sea”:

Fasad means shirk: Qotadah and As Suddi say: al fasad is shirk, and it is the greatest damage”.

Fasad means murder: Ibnu Abbas, Ikrimah and Mujahid said: “Al fasad on land is the murder of fellow brothers (believers), including Qobil killing Habil. And the facades in the sea are among the kings who seized the boat arbitrarily”.

Fasad means crisis in land: Other scholars say: “Al fasad is drought and lack of vegetation and loss of blessing”. Similar meaning is also mentioned by Ibn Abbas: “Al fasad is the reduction of blessings from the deeds of the servants, so that they repent”. An Nuhas said: “This is the best opinion about the meaning of this verse”.

Fasad means crisis in sea: Ibn Abbas also said: “al fasad in the sea is the reduction of marine products because of human sins”. Athiyyah said: “If the rainfall is low, it is rare for people to dive into the sea, so that the fishermen also lose and the marine mammals are spread out a lot (so they eat small fish, pent).” Ibn Abbas said: “If the rain falls from the sky, then the shells are opened in the sea, and what is found in it which descends from the sky is the jewel”.

Fasad means monetary crisis: Other scholars say: “Al fasad is a monetary crisis and the difficulty of making a living”

Fasad means immorality: Other scholars say: “Al fasad is immorality, robbery and tyranny. So that these things become obstacles to agriculture, development and business”.

May Allah help us understand Qur'ān and help us to act upon the commandments of Allah contained therein. May Allah help us against the machinations of Evil and help us do good things to be saved of Allah's wrath. Aameen.

For more Selected Verses, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. You may also refer to our Reference Pages for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully.

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs of the Qur'ān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In order to augment and add more explanation as already provided, additional input has been interjected from following sources: 

• Towards Understanding the Quran
• Tafsir Ibn Khatir
• Muhammad Asad Translation
• Javed Ahmad Ghamidi / Al Mawrid
• Al-Quran, Yusuf Ali Translation
• Verse by Verse Qur'an Study Circle

In addition the references of other sources which have been explored have also been given above. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on Social Media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

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It is Allah Who brings forth the living from the dead and brings forth the dead from the living

To many, this world is a just a playground where players march in, play a lively game and go away amid crowd cheering and clapping. Had it been so, Allah would not have created man for living just a pleasurable life free of any accountability. For they think that once a life ceases to be, that is the end of it and that there is no waking up thereafter, what to talk of the accountability on the promised Day of Resurrection by Allah.

Allah gives an answer to such disbelievers that while He has the ability to bring man to life from nothing, He equally has the capacity to bring them to life after they are dead. And that there will be a day when all dead will be brought to life to answer for their deed or misdeeds in their worldly life:

يُخۡرِجُ الۡحَـىَّ مِنَ الۡمَيِّتِ وَيُخۡرِجُ الۡمَيِّتَ مِنَ الۡحَـىِّ وَيُحۡىِ الۡاَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَا ​ؕ وَكَذٰلِكَ تُخۡرَجُوۡنَ

He brings forth the living from the dead and brings forth the dead from the living, and revives the earth after it is dead. Likewise will you be raised to life (after you die). [Surah Ar Rum 30:19]

That is, how can that God Who is doing all this perpetually in front of your eyes, be helpless in raising man to life after death? He is causing absolutely dead matter to be discharged from living man and animals. He is ever bringing into existence countless animals and human beings by breathing life into dead matter, whereas the substances themselves which make up the bodies of the living beings are absolutely without life. He is making you witness the phenomenon that wherever water becomes available, lands previously lying barren start blooming and blossoming with animal and vegetable life. In spite of witnessing all this if a person thinks that the God Who is sustaining the universe will be helpless to raise man back to life after death, he is fully devoid of the common sense. His heart does not see the clear realities gleaming from the manifestations which his eyes see.

Tafsir Ibn-Kathir: 

(He brings out the living from the dead, and brings out the dead from the living.) This is what we see of His power to create things and their opposites. These Ayat which come one after the other are all of the same; in each of them Allah mentions the creation of things and their opposites, to indicate to His creation the perfection of His power. Thus He creates the plant from the seed and the seed from the plant; He creates the egg from the chicken and the chicken from the egg; He creates man from sperm and sperm from man; He creates the believer from the disbelievers and the disbeliever from the believers.

(And He revives the earth after its death.) This is like the Ayat: (And a sign for them is the dead land. We give it life, and We bring forth from it grains, so that they eat thereof.) until: (and We have caused springs of water to gush forth therein. ) (36:33-34) 

(And you see the earth barren, but when We send down water on it, it is stirred, and it swells and puts forth every lovely kind.) until: (and certainly, Allah will resurrect those who are in the graves.) (22:5-7)

(And it is He Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His mercy. Till when they have carried a heavy-laden cloud) until: (so that you may remember or take heed.) (7:57) 

Allah says here: ( وَكَذَلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ And thus shall you be brought out.)

Yusuf Ali  Explanation:  

Cf. x. 31. From dead matter Allah's creative act produces life and living matter, and even science has not yet been able to explain the mystery of life. Life and living matter again seem to reach maturity and again die, as we see every day. No material thing seems to have perpetual life. But again we see the creative process of Allah constantly at work, and the cycle of life and death seems to go on.

Cf. ii. 164. The earth itself, seemingly so inert, produces vegetable life at once from a single shower of rain, and in various ways sustains animal life. Normally it seems to die in the winter in northern climates, and in a drought everywhere, and the spring revives it in all its glory. Metaphorically many movements, institutions, organizations, seem to die and then to live again, all under the wonderful dispensation of Allah. So will our personality be revived when we die on this earth, in order to reap the fruit of this our probationary life.

This verse, which mentions concrete events in nature, also implies that God sometimes brings up a believer born into an unbelieving family, or an unbeliever born into a believing family; and that He may finally cause a believer to apostatize because of his or her sins, or an unbeliever to enter the fold of Islam purely out of His grace or due to some of that person's good acts. While mentioning God's raising of the dead as analogous to reviving the dead earth, it also suggests that God's reviving a disbelieving "dead" person (6: 122) is analogous to His reviving the dead earth. [4]

May Allah help us understand Qur'ān and help us to act upon the commandments of Allah contained therein. Aameen.

For more Selected Verses, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. You may also refer to our Reference Pages for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully.

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs of the Qur'ān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that:

• The plain translation has been taken from the Qur'ān officially published by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [1]
• The exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. [2]  

In order to augment and add more explanation as already provided by [2], additional input has been interjected from following sources: 

• Towards Understanding the Quran
• Tafsir Ibn Khatir
• Muhammad Asad Translation
• Al-Quran, Yusuf Ali Translation
• Javed Ahmad Ghamidi / Al Mawrid
• Verse by Verse Qur'an Study Circle

In addition the references of  other sources which have been explored have also been given above. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on Social Media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

The Historical Background of Revelation of Surah Ar Rum - The Romans

Surah Ar-Rūm is the thirtieth surah with 60 ayahs with six rukus, part of the 21st Juzʼ  of the Holy Qur'an. The Surah takes its name Ar-Rum from the second verse in which the words ghulibat-ir-Rum have occurred. The term Rûm originated in the word "Romans" and in the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) referred to the Byzantine Greeks (Eastern Roman Empire), hence the title is sometimes also translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines".

The Romans have been defeated in the neighbouring land; but after their defeat they shall gain victory in a few years [Verses 2-3 Surah Ar Rūm]

The prediction made in the initial verses of this Surah is one of the most outstanding evidences of the Quran's being the word of Allah and the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) being a true Messenger of Allah. Otherwise how could have Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) predicted the victory for the Romans when they had been defeated overwhelmingly by the Persians and apparently there were no signs of the recovery from the defeat, what to talk of victory over the Zoroastrians. 

Before we present the translation / exegesis / Tafseer of Surah Ar Rūm, it would be appropriate to understand the historical background under which this surah was revealed. Let us have a look at the historical background relevant to the verses.

Eight years before the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the Byzantine Emperor Maurice was overthrown by Phocus, who captured the throne and became king. Phocus first got the Emperor's five sons executed in front of him, and then got the Emperor also killed and hung their heads in a thoroughfare in Constantinople. A few days after this he had the empress and her three daughters also put to death. The event provided Khusrau Parvez, the Sassanid king of Iran; a good moral excuse to attack Byzantium, for Emperor Maurice had been his benefactor; with his help he had got the throne of Iran. Therefore, he declared that he would avenge his godfather's and his children's murder upon Phocus. He therefore waged a war against Byzantium in 603 A. D. and within a few years, he routed the Phocus' armies and reached Edessa (modern, Urfa) in Asia Minor and Aleppo and Antioch in Syria. When the Byzantine ministers saw that Phocus could not save the country, they sought the African governor's help, who sent his son, Heraclius, to Constantinople with a strong fleet. Phocus was immediately deposed and Heraclius made emperor. He treated Phocus as he had treated Maurice. This happened in 610 A. D., the year the Holy Prophet was appointed to Prophethood.

The moral excuse for which Khusrau Parvez had started the war was no more valid after the deposition and death of Phocus. Had the object of his war really been to avenge the murder of his ally on Phocus for his cruelty, he would have come to terms with the new Emperor after the death of Phocus. But he continued the war, and gave it the color of a crusade between Zoroastrianism and Christianity. The sympathies of the Christian sects (i. e. Nestorians and Jacobians, etc.) which had been excommunicated by the Roman ecclesiastical authority and tyrannized for years also went with the Magian (Zoroastrian) invaders, and the Jews also joined hands with them; so much so that the number of the Jews who enlisted in Khusrau's army rose up to 26,000.

Heraclius could not stop this storm. The very first news that he received from the East after ascending the throne was that of the Iranian occupation of Antioch. After this Damascus fell in 613 A. D. Then in 614 A.D. the Iranians occupying Jerusalem played havoc with the Christian world. Ninety thousand Christians were massacred and the Holy Sepulcher was desecrated. The Original Cross on which, according to the Christian belief, Jesus had died was seized and carried to Mada'in. The chief priest Zechariah was taken prisoner and all the important churches of the city were destroyed. How puffed up was Khusrau Parvez at this victory can be judged from the letter that he wrote to Heraclius from Jerusalem. He wrote:

"From Khusrau, the greatest of all gods, the master of the whole world: To Heraclius, his most wretched and most stupid servant: You say that you have trust in your Lord. why didn't then your Lord save Jerusalem from me?"

Within a year after this victory the Iranian armies overran Jordan, Palestine and the whole of the Sinai Peninsula, and reached the frontiers of Egypt. Concurrently in those days another conflict of a far greater historical consequence was going on in Makkah. The believers in One Allah, under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace be upon him), were fighting for their existence against the followers of shirk under the command of the chiefs of the Quraish, and the conflict had reached such a stage that in 615 A. D., a substantial number of the Muslims had to leave their homes and take refuge with the Christian kingdom of Habash, which was an ally of the Byzantine Empire. In those days the Sassanid victories against Byzantium were the talk of the town, and the pagans of Makkah were delighted and were taunting the Muslims to the effect: 

"Look the fire worshipers of Iran are winning victories and the Christian believers in Revelation and Prophethood are being routed everywhere. Likewise, we, the idol worshipers of Arabia, will exterminate you and your religion."

These were the conditions when this Surah of the Quran was sent down, and in it a prediction was made, saying:

"The Romans have been vanquished in the neighboring land and within a few years after their defeat, they shall be victorious. And it will be the day when the believers will rejoice in the victory granted by Allah." 

It contained not one but two predictions: First, the Romans shall be victorious; and second, the Muslims also shall win a victory at the same time. Apparently, there was not a remote chance of the fulfillment of the either prediction in the next few years. On the one hand, there were a handful of the Muslims, who were being beaten and tortured in Makkah, and even till eight years after this prediction there appeared no chance of their victory and domination. On the other, the Romans were losing more and more ground every next day. By 619 A. D. the whole of Egypt had passed into Sassanid hands and the Magian armies (Magi denotes followers of Zoroastrianism or Zoroaster) had reached as far as Tripoli. In Asia Minor they had beaten and pushed back the Romans to Bosporus, and in 617 A. D. they captured Chalcedon (modern, Kadikoy) just opposite Constantinople. The Emperor sent an envoy to Khusrau, praying that he was ready to have peace on any terms, but he replied, "I shall not give protection to the emperor until he is brought in chains before me and gives up obedience to his crucified god and adopts submission to the fire god." At last, the Emperor became so depressed by defeat that he decided to leave Constantinople and shift to Carthage (modern, Tunis). In short, as the British historian Gibbon says, even seven to eight years after this prediction of the Quran, the conditions were such that no one could even imagine that the Byzantine Empire would ever gain an upper hand over Iran. Not to speak of gaining domination, no one could hope that the Empire, under the circumstances, would even survive.

The initial portion of verse 3 spells out the time period of the glad tidings:

فِىۡ بِضۡعِ سِنِيۡنَ 

bid`i sinin, and the word bid` in Arabic applies to a number upto ten. Therefore, make the bet for ten years and increase the number of camels to a hundred." So, Hadrat Abu Bakr spoke to Ubayy again and bet a hundred camels for ten years.

In 622 A. D. as the Holy Prophet migrated to Madinah, the Emperor Heraclius set off quietly for Trabzon from Constantinople via the Black Sea and started preparations to attack Iran from rear. For this he asked the Church for money, and Pope Sergius lent him the Church collections on interest, in a bid to save Christianity from Zoroastrianism. Heraclius started his counter attack in 623 A. D. from Armenia. Next year, in 624 A. D., he entered Azerbaijan and destroyed Clorumia, the birthplace of Zoroaster, and ravaged the principal fire temple of Iran. Great are the powers of Allah, this was the very year when the Muslims achieved a decisive victory at Badr for the first time against the mushriks. Thus both the predictions made in Surah Rum were fulfilled simultaneously within the stipulated period of ten years.

The Byzantine forces continued to press the Iranians hard and in the decisive battle at Nineveh (627 A.D.) they dealt them the hardest blow. They captured the royal residence of Dastagerd, and then pressing forward reached right opposite to Ctesiphon, capital of Iran in those days. In 628 A. D. in an internal revolt, Khusrau Parvez was imprisoned and 18 of his sons were executed in front of him and a few days later he himself died in the prison. This was the year when the peace treaty of Hudaibiya was concluded, which the Quran has termed as "the supreme victory", and in this very year Khusrau's son, Qubad II, gave up all the occupied Roman territories, restored the True Cross and made peace with Byzantium. In 628 A. D., the Emperor himself went to Jerusalem to install the "Holy Cross" in its place, and in the same year the Holy Prophet entered Makkah for the first time after the Hijrah to perform the `Umra-tul-Qada'.

In some traditions Heraclius is seen as a just ruler of great piety, who had direct contact with the emerging Islamic forces. The 14th-century scholar Ibn Kathir (d. 1373) went even further, stating that "Heraclius was one of the wisest men and among the most resolute, shrewd, deep and opinionated of kings. He ruled the Romans with great leadership and splendor." Some historians often cite a letter that they claim Heraclius wrote to Muhammad: "I have received your letter with your ambassador and I testify that you are the messenger of God found in our New Testament. Jesus, son of Mary, announced you." According to the Muslim sources reported by El-Cheikh, he tried to convert the ruling class of the Empire, but they resisted so strongly that he reversed his course and claimed that he was just testing their faith in Christianity. El-Cheikh notes that these accounts of Heraclius add "little to our historical knowledge" of the emperor; rather, they are an important part of "Islamic kerygma," attempting to legitimize Muhammad's status as a prophet.

Scroll down for an informative video on this subject

After this no one could have any doubt about the truth of the prophecy of the Quran, with the result that most of the Arab polytheists accepted Islam. The heirs of Ubayy bin Khalaf lost their bet and had to give a hundred camels to Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddiq. He took them before the Holy Prophet, who ordered that they be given away in charity, because the bet had been made at a time when gambling had not yet been forbidden by the Shari`ah; now it was forbidden. Therefore, the bet was allowed to be accepted from the belligerent disbelievers, but instruction given that it should be given away in charity and should not be brought in personal use.

Theme of the Surah:
The discourse begins with the theme that the Romans have been overcome and the people the world over think that the empire is about to collapse, but the fact is that within a few years the tables will be turned and the vanquished will again become victorious.

This introductory theme contains the great truth that man is accustomed to seeing only what is apparent and superficial. That which is behind the apparent and superficial he does not know. When in the petty matters of life, this habit to see only the apparent and superficial can lead man to misunderstandings and miscalculations, and when he is liable to make wrong estimates only due to lack of knowledge about "what will happen tomorrow", how stupendous will be his error if he risks his whole life-activity by placing reliance only upon what is visible and apparent with respect to his worldly life as a whole.

In this connection, the Signs of the universe which have been presented as evidence to prove the doctrine of the Hereafter arc precisely the same which support the doctrine of Tauhid. Therefore from verse 28 onward, the discourse turns to the affirmation of Tauhid and the refutation of shirk, and it is stressed that the natural way of life for man is none else but to serve One God exclusively. Shirk is opposed to the nature of the universe as to the nature of man. Therefore, whenever man has adopted this deviation, chaos has resulted. Again here, an allusion has been made to the great chaos that had gripped the world on account of the war between the two major powers of the time, and it has been indicated that this chaos too, is the result of shirk, and all the nations who were ever involved in mischief and chaos in the history of mankind were also mushriks.

In conclusion, a parable has been presented to make the people understand that just as dead earth comes to life, all of a sudden, by a shower of rain sent by God and swells with vegetation and plant life, so is the case with the dead humanity. When God sends a shower of His mercy in the form of Revelation and Prophethood, it also gives a new life to mankind and causes it to grow and develop and flourish. Therefore: "If you take full advantage of this opportunity, the barren land of Arabia will bloom by Allah's mercy and the whole advantage will be your. But if you do not take advantage of it, you will harm only yourselves. Then no regret will avail and no opportunity will be provided to make amends."

This is the general historical perspective under which this important surah was revealed and the theme of the surah which sets forth the mindset for better understanding of the exegesis / tafseer of the surah which will be presented in our next post.

You may like to watch a video about the letter by the Prophet ﷺ to Heraclius, the Roman Emperor:

Photo | References: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Reading the Holy Quran should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully.

You may refer to our reference pages: 

• Al Qur'an: Selected verses from Sürah Ar Rum (The Romans) for selected verses from this surah.
• Selected verses from Selected Sūrahs of Al-Qurʾān.

You may refer to our post "114 Chapters (Sūrahs) of the Holy Qur'an" for translation, meaning and summary / exegesis of other chapters (Though not complete but building up from 30th Juzʼ / Part backwards for chapters in 30th Juzʼ / Part are shorter and easier to understand). 

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs of the Holy Qur'an from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that:

• The plain translation has been taken from the Holy Quran officially published by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [3]
• And the exegesis of the chapters of the Holy Quran are basically based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. [1]
• In addition the references of  other sources which have been explored have also been given above. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. 

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook
Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on Social Media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Holy Qur'an - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More