Sūrat Al-ʿĀdiyāt is the 100th chapter of the Holy Qur'an contained in the 30th Part. It is one of those chapters that start with an incipit, that is the use of title of the chapter as a mention of the first few opening verses. Here the Al-ʿĀdiyāt, or the Coursers or the charging of the battle horses as been uses as vow by the Allah Almighty to mention the ungratefulness of men to Him.
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
"In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"
By the racers, panting,
And the producers of sparks [when] striking
And the chargers at dawn,
Stirring up thereby [clouds of] dust,
Arriving thereby in the center collectively,
Indeed mankind, to his Lord, is ungrateful.
And indeed, he is to that a witness.
And indeed he is, in love of wealth, intense.
But does he not know that when the contents of the graves are scattered
And that within the breasts is obtained,
Indeed, their Lord with them, that Day, is [fully] Acquainted
Here a question arises why Allah should vow of charging horses? The answer is much to simple: The panting charging battle horses producing sparks when their hooves strike the battle ground obey the command of their masters in the wake of a fierce enemy. They fall but never disobey or be disloyal to their riders. The charging by dawn is the typical Arab tactics of reaching very close to the enemy camps or the intended battlefield at night and charge at dawn and breach the enemy lines with ferocious looking animals charging fearlessly at the command of their riding warriors. In one explanation [3], aadiyAAT (feminine) = means female war horses. It is generally observed that Arabs prefer female horses in warfare because they are quicker and more agile Using the example of these faithful beasts, Allah shows its disgust over the mankind which is ungrateful to Him despite being given and even gifted the best of the bounties of the world. Allah observes with sorrow that the man is more in love with the wealth Allah has given to him than the Giver Himself. And this ungratefulness of the men will one day bring to him the worst wrath of Allah when the graves would be opened and every dead will be put to life again and whatever is contained in their hearts will be openly revealed to them on the Day of Judgment. "And indeed, he is to that a witness" means that on the Day of Judgment, the man himself be witness to his own ungratefulness. A similar warning has been given earlier in Al Quran Surah Al Qiyamah 75:14, "Rather, man, against himself, will be witness." And surely such ungrateful will have no time to remorse or repent of their wordily deeds, and their only abode will be the Hell with raging fires and boiling waters. Photo | References: | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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Sūrat al-Māʻūn is a short surah of seven verses, and is contained in the last of the 30th part of the Holy Qur'an. Al Māʻūn means giving away in kindness or showing kindness or assisting the poor. Ibn Marduyah has cited Ibn Abbas (may Allah bless them both) as saying that this Surah is Makki, and the same also is the view of Ata and Jabir. But Abu Hayyan in Al-Bahr al-Muhit has cited Ibn Abbas, Qatadah and Dahhak as saying that this Surah was revealed at Madinah. In our opinion there is an internal piece of evidence in the Surah itself which points to its being a Madani Revelation. It holds out a threat of destruction to those praying ones who are unmindful of their Prayers and who pray only to be seen. This kind of hypocrites were found only at Madinah, for it was there that Islam and the Muslims gained such strength that many people were compelled to believe from expedience, had to visit the Mosque, join the congregational Prayer and prayed only to be seen of others, so as to be counted among Muslims.
Contrary to this is, at Makkah conditions were altogether different. No one had to pray to be seen. There it was difficult even for the believers to pray in congregation; they prayed secretly and if a person prayed openly he did so only at the risk of his life. This kind of hypocrites found in Makkah did not comprise those who believed and Prayed to be seen but those who in their hearts had know, and acknowledged the Holy Messenger of Allah (upon whom be peace) to be on the true path, but were avoiding to accept Islam in order to maintain their Position of leadership and authority, or were not prepared to take the risk of being afflicted with the kind of hardships with which they found the believers afflicted in the society around them. This condition of the hypocrites at Makkah has been described in vv. 10-11 of Surah Al- Ankabut.
Read the English translation of the Sūrat al-Māʻūn:
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"
Have you seen the one who denies the Recompense?
For that is the one who drives away the orphan
And does not encourage the feeding of the poor.
So woe to those who pray
[But] who are heedless of their prayer -
Those who make show [of their deeds]
And withhold [simple] assistance.
As can be seen by reading the translation of the surah, it talks of those who drive away the poor and needy and the orphans and do not give them their rightful share. And when they see someone hungry and penniless, they mock them and turn away from their assistance. Such are the people who do not even recompose.
Through this surah, Allah has stressed the need of looking after the orphans and the shelter-less and emphasizes on the fact lest poor are left unattended and the sin of leaving them comes on to the those near them and the community as a whole. And this show of kindness and assistance to the poor and needy and orphans should be done without any reference to the religion, beliefs, caste and creed for those who need around us become our collective responsibility.
However, those who give are warned not to do it as to boost their image or as a show off gesture. All acts of kindness and charity should be quietly done for the reward is by Allah not by the onlookers.
In one of the incidents quoted from the earl days of Islam is one which narrates about an orphans whose father left him some wealth and land which was usurped by none other the notorious infidel Abu Jahl. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) once asked Abu Jahl to return the wealth and land to the orphan but he flatly refused. When he persistently refused to oblige, one day Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) went with two spears by his side and threatened to kill Abu Jahl if he still resisted. This time Abu Jahl gave in and gave whatever was rightful due of the orphan.
So give alms and charity often, even if it is a bucket of water or a one time meal to the needy. This be done quietly though to please Allah and not as a show off, for Allah knows what is one's intention and what is in the heart. You may now listen to the recitation of Sūrat al-Māʻūn in Arabic with English subtitles:
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Sūrat Quraysh, the 106th chapter of the Holy Qur'an in the 30th part with four verses was revealed in Makkah. This sūrah follows the Sūrat al-Fīl (The Elephant), 105th chapter, as a reminder to the people of Quraysh, the leading and most prosperous traders of Makkah, of the many bounties and protection provided to them including saving the Ka'bah from the army of Abraha purely through divine intervention and also their trade routes to Syria and Yemen. We have already provided the background to this Sūrah in the Overview to familiarize the readers about Who were the People and Tribe of Quraysh. Herein under we present the Summary, which will be followed by the verse by verse Exegesis / Tafsir of the Sūrah. Read the English translation of Sūrat Quraysh:
In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful
For the accustomed security of the Quraysh
Their accustomed security [in] the caravan of winter and summer
Let them worship the Lord of this House
Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and made them safe, [saving them] from fear
The sūrah was thus a reminder of Allah's many bounties on the tribe of Quraysh for they worshiped the House of Allah, though prostrating to the idols rather than the mighty Creator of the universe. Nevertheless, Allah still asked them to continue to worship the House of Lord who in turn has provided them safety and security and wealth and food in abundance. In fact it was because of Ka'bah that traders from far off lands came to Makkah for pilgrimage and thus also bringing along their goods to exchange and sell at Makkah which brought prosperity to Makkans. Otherwise in the absence of Ka'bah, the centre of attraction, who would have traveled to barren and scorching desert to trade with Quraysh. While the Makkah and Ka'bah was saved by divine help only, the Quraysh despite worshiping the three 360 plus idols, would secretly confide with each other that they were saved not by their idols but Allah alone. Dr Shehzad Saleem sums up Sūrat Quraysh beautifully as under:[3]
This surah is another instance where the same subject has been brought up. Both peace and sustenance are special blessings of the Almighty. Instead of showing conceit and vanity upon their bestowal, the Quraish are being admonished to be grateful to the Almighty and remain aware that this gratitude entails His worship, not revolt and disobedience.
an the world witnessed that despite these bounties, the people of Quraysh forgot the many blessings of Allah and turned bitterly against Islam when Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) proclaimed Islam openly. The chieftains of Quraysh feared that by accepting Islam they will lose control over their prestigious status and that once Ka'bah goes in the hands of the Muslims, who were the rightful owners of the House of Allah, their status will be reduced to second rate citizens as anyone who controlled Ka'bah was the most respectful and honorable. And Allah fulfilled His promise when with the rise of Islam not only Ka'bah reverted to its rightful inheritors, Quraysh became subservient to emerging Muslim power which soon conquered Makkah and spread the world of Allah not only in the entire Arabia but the world as a whole. You may now listen to the recitation of the surah in Arabic with English subtitles:
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Sūrat al-Fīl (pronounced as feel) is one of the sūrahs of the Holy Qur'an that were revealed in Makkah and is in the 30th part of the Holy Qur'an with its five verses. This sūrah in fact is the narration of an actual event that occurred in 570 AD, months before the birth of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This sūrah is called "The Elephant" because a large army under the command of Abraha Al-Ashram, the Christian viceroy of Yemen (then ruled by the Abyssinians) which came with the intention to destroy the Ka’bah at Makkah. Since the invading army also included battle elephants, the sūrah is appropriately named.
Before I give out the summary of this sūrah, please read its English translation to know how this event has been described in the Holy Qur'an:
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"
“Have you (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their plot go astray?
And He sent against them birds, (Martin swallows) in flocks.
Striking them with stones of Sijjil (baked clay).
And He made them like (an empty field of) stalks (of which the corn has been eaten up by cattle)”
This sūrah was revealed to apprise the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) of this historic event in which Allah saved its house, Ka'bah from destruction at the hands of the Christians. Although, Ka'bah was then under the control of pagans of Makkah, it has been built by Prophets Abraham and Ismael (may peace be upon them) as House of Allah thousands of years ago and Prophet Abraham had prayed to Alla for its safety and security. After the death of Prophet Ismael, the message of Allah gradually faded away and the pagans of Makkah started to prevail till Ka'bah came under their control. Thus while Makkah became a thriving trade center of the whole of Arabia, Ka'bah became the center for annual pilgrimage of non believers and became an idol house. Jealous of people of Makkah for their thriving trade, King Abraha built a huge cathedral in San'a and hoped they he would be able to divert trade towards his country. But this did not happen for pagans Ka'bah was more holier than a Christian church. This infuriated Abraha and he led a huge army to destroy Ka'bah. When the Arabs saw a huge army with big beasts (elephants) they had never seen before, they panicked and prayed to their gods for security of Ka'bah, while throwing away the towel. Although Ka'bah wasn't house of Allah anymore for it it had become a idol worshiping place, Allah remembered his promise with Prophet Abraham for its security. Thus when the Abraha and its army approached Makkah, instead of armies of pagans, a large number of small birds appeared on the sky, quoted in history as Martin swallows carrying small pebbles of baked clay and threw on the invading army. Although these small pebbles could not have had inflicted any damage or casualties to the army of horses and elephants, they did not know that these pebbles had the divine force embedded in them. So when these hit the Abraha army, it killed them instantaneously and as the last verse of the sūrah says: "It left an empty field of stalks (of which the corn has been eaten up by cattle).” Abraha too was fatally wounded and died. The Arabs described the year as the Year of Elephants for a long time.The pagans too understood that the victory was not due to their gods, bu Allah and secretly acknowledged it too. For it was in fact Allah that saved His house (Al-Ka'bah) by destroying the large Abraha army that included elephants, through a flock of tiny birds carrying small pebbles. Professor Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, a well-known Pakistani Muslim theologian, Quran scholar and exegete, and educationist, explains the theme of Surah al-Fil is to inform the Quraysh that the God – Who routed His enemies in this manner before them – will also not spare them now that they too have shown enmity to Him. They will also be devastated in a similar manner. [3] It may be added for information that in November and December 1979 a group dissidents fully armed entered the courtyard of Ka'bah and captured it. Allah again saved His house when commandos of Pakistan Army were called by Saudi government who cleared the Ka'bah of all the miscreants, killing many of them and capturing the rest. [4] Please listen to recitation of Surat al Fil with English subtitles:
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Sūrat al-Layl was revealed in the early days of Islam in Makkah with 21 verses and appears in the 30th part / 'Juz of the Holy Qur'an. In fact it is among the first ten sūrahs that were revealed unto Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Its theme is to distinguish between the two different ways of life and to explain the contrast between their ultimate ends and results. In view of the subject matter this Surah consists of two parts, the first part consisting of vv. 1-11 and the second of vv. 12-21.
In the first part, at the outset it has been pointed out that the strivings and doings that the individuals, nations and groups of mankind are engaged in in the world, are, in respect of their moral nature, as divergent as the day is from the night, and the male from the female. After this, according to the general style of the brief Surahs of the Quran, three moral characteristics of one kind and three moral characteristics of the other kind have been presented as an illustration from among a vast collection of the strivings and activities of man, from which every man can judge which style of life is represented by one kind of the characteristics and which style of life by the other kind. Both these styles have been described in such brief, elegant. and pithy sentences that they move the heart and go down into memory as soon as one hears them. Characteristics of the first kind are that one should spend one's wealth, adopt God-consciousness and piety, and acknowledge the good as good. The second kind of the characteristics are that one should be miserly, should least care for God's pleasure and His displeasure, and should repudiate what is good and right. Then it has been stated that these two modes of action which are clearly divergent, cannot be equal and alike in respect of their results. But, just as they are divergent in their nature, so they are divergent in their results. The person (or group of persons) who adopts the first mode of action, Allah will make easy for him the correct way of life, so much so that doing good will become easy for him and doing evil difficult. On the contrary, he who adopts the second mode of life, Allah will make easy for him the difficult and hard way of life, so much so that doing evil will become easy for him and doing good difficult. This passage has been concluded with a most effective and touching sentence, saying: "This worldly wealth for the sake of which man is even prepared to risk his life will not go down with him into the grave; therefore, what will it avail him after death?"
In the second part also three truths have been stated equally briefly. First, that Allah has not left man uninformed in the examination hall of the world, but He has taken on Himself the responsibility to tell him which one is the straight and right way out of the different ways of life. Here, there was no need to point out that by sending His Messenger and His Book He has fulfilled His this responsibility, for both the Messenger and the Book were present to afford the guidance. Second, that the Master of both the world and the Hereafter is Allah alone. If you seek the world, it is He Who will give it, and if you seek the Hereafter, again it is He Who will give it. Now, it is for you to decide what you should seek from Him. The third truth that has been stated is that the wretched one who rejects the good, which is being presented through the Messenger and the Book, and turns away from it, will have a blazing fire ready for him. As for the God fearing person who spends his wealth in a good cause, without any selfish motive, only for the sake of winning his Lord's good pleasure, his Lord will be pleased with him and will bless him with so much that he will be well pleased with Him.
This is an easy to understand sūrah for its subject being the good and the bad people and their end reward on the day of judgment. Read the translation which shall then be followed by a short commentary.
Herein under is the translation of Sūrat al-Layl:
By the night as it envelops;
And by the day as it appears in brightness;
And by Him Who created male and female;
Certainly, your efforts and deeds are diverse (different in aims and purposes);
As for him who gives (in charity) and keeps his duty to Allah and fears Him,
And believes in the best [reward].
We will make smooth for him the path of ease (goodness).
But he who is greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient.
And denies the best [reward];
We will make smooth for him the path for evil;
And what will his wealth benefit him when he goes down (in destruction).
Truly! Ours it is (to give) guidance,
And truly, unto Us (belong) the last (Hereafter) and the first (this world).
Therefore I have warned you of a Fire blazing fiercely (Hell);
None shall enter it save the most wretched,
Who denies and turns away.
And the pious and righteous (Al-Muttaqun) will be far removed from it (Hell).
He who spends his wealth for increase in self-purification,
And have in his mind no favour from anyone for which a reward is expected in return,
Except only the desire to seek the Countenance of his Lord, the Most High;
He surely will be pleased (when he will enter Paradise).
Allah Almighty, like many other sūrahs (Sūrat At Tin for instance) takes vow, a solemn promise, of truths in the shape of many of His bounties like the night, the day and the one who created male and female of all kinds. And then talks about two types of people: The good ones, who seek truth in Allah's given commandments and do good to help others without the lust for any wordily rewards, and the second kind who despite being shown the righteous path follow evil deeds and hurt others, for these wretched people the fire of hell awaits.
As for the first category of people who spend their wealth in the way of Allah thinking that the wealth has been given to them to help others and not for their pleasures, and thus rise higher in the eyes of Allah and shall be rewarded in the hereafter with unimaginable rewards and bounties.
The difference between both the categories of people is clear: One who seeks wordily pleasures for him alone will be given in abundance but will be among the worst in the world of the hereafter. But those who are given in abundance, or even less, but still give charities and help others with no reward intended but to please Allah, will be granted paradise where their selfless services will be paid back much beyond trheir imaginations.
It is observed by many a scholar and interpretors of Qur'an that the last four verse are indicative of deeds of Abu Bakr, a trusted companion and friend of the Prophet of Allah who was the first male adult who entered the fold of Islam the moment he heard that Muhammad (peace be upon him) has been chosen as a prophet by Allah. He beside a good human being was also a very wealthy man and when there was need of money in the cause of Allah, Abu Bakr emptied his entire household and brought it to the Prophet. When Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) inquired him of what had he left in his house, Abu Bakr replied: Allah's name only.
Abu Bakr was also forthcoming in the freedom of many slave who had accepted Islam and were being tortured by their pagan masters. One such slave was Bilal, the African, whom his master had made him lie flat on the burning sand and placed a heavy stone on his chest. Bilal still called aloud "Ahad (Allah is one." Seeing his plight Abu Bakr paid the money and got Bilal freed.
You many now listen to recitation of the Sūrat al-Layl in Arabic with English / Arabic subtitles:
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Offering prayers (As-Salat) five times a day is obligatory for all adult male men and women in Islam. However, before offering the prayer, one must cleanse one's visible body parts for those may been polluted by dust or gone dirty while at work. This cleansing of one's body parts is called Wudu in Arabic and Ablution in English.
The Wudu includes the following steps:
Make the intention (niyyah) to perform wudu and center yourself and quiet your thoughts.
Wash your right hand thrice, followed by your left hand thrice.
Swish water in mouth at least once.
Lightly inhale water into your nose at least once.
Wash your face 3 times, from right to left, hairline to chin.
Wash your lower arms 3 times from wrist to elbows, right to left.
Clean your head from the forehead to the back of the head, then wipe your ears and the outer portion of the ear canal.
Wash both of your feet 3 times, right to left.
Recite the du’as after wudu.
However, if a person has had marital relations with one's spouse, then one has to take a complete bath. This would include first washing the genital area and then performing the entire wudu and then first washing one's right shoulder, the left shoulder and then flowing water all over the body starting from head to toe. Now watch the video below how to properly perform the Wudu (abolition) before offering the salah (prayer):
Note: This is the method mostly used by Muslims around the world. There may be slight variations in some methods as per the School of Thought one is following.
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Sūrat al-Masad is the 111th chapter of the Holy Quran and the only sūrah in which the name of the worst enemy of Islam and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is taken openly: Abu Lahab. And because of this fact, this sūrah is commonly known as Sūrah Lahab. Abu Lahab was one of the four paternal uncles of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and was right from day one of his nephew's open call for Islam has been treacherously against Islam and his nephew. The sūrah was revealed soon after one day Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) gave a call to all tribes of the Makkah while standing on the top of Safa, a hill just on the outskirts of Makkah. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is said to have called all tribes by name so that no one is missed out for he was about to proclaim Islam openly. When everyone had gathered, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) asked them loudly:
"If I tell you that there is a huge enemy army camping at the foot of this mountain, on the other side, will you believe me?"
The whole assembly unanimously said: "Certainly we will believe, for thou hast never told a lie”.
“Then", Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) gave them an open invitation to join the religion of Islam, "I have come from Allah as a warner to preach the Unity of the Lord".
Hearing this, Abu Lahab is said to have exclaimed: "May you perish! Is it for this that you have gathered us?"
On this, Allah revealed this surah as reply to the disgraceful words uttered by Abu Lahab, with the warning, that later became true: May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, may he (himself) perish. Read the English translation of Sūrat al-Masad given herein under:
In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful
“May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, may he (himself) perish ".
“His wealth avails him not, neither what he had earned".
“Soon will he roast in a flaming fire",
“And his wife, the bearer of the firewood,”
“Upon her neck a rope of twisted palm-fiber.”
The disgraceful behaviour of Abu Lahab picked an impetus when Abu Talib, the aging uncle of the Prophet, who had all along his life been shielding his nephew against the machinations of the pagans of Makkah, breathed his last and Abu Lahab became the chief of the Bani Hashim tribe. Abu Lahab was so much obsessed by his position and wealth that he felt himself above all. The following narration by Ibn /jarir shows his disgust for Islam for Islam equates rich and poor equally and does not distinguish between the two except who holds a higher pedestal due to his devotion to Allah and taqwa (term used for being highly conscious and cognizant of Allah, of truth, of the rational reality, "piety, fear of God"):
One day Abu Lahab asked Muhammad: "If I were to accept your religion, what would I get?" Muhammad replied: "You would get what the other believers would get." He said: "Is there no preference or distinction for me?" Muhammad replied: "What else do you want?" Thereupon he said: "May this religion perish in which I and all other people should be equal and alike!".
The second verse of the surah: “His wealth avails him not, neither what he had earned". has a similar versein the Holy Qur'an (Surah Shu'ara, Chapter 29: 88-89), wherein Allah forewarns the pagans and non believers of Islam even of exalted position:
“The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail,""But only he (will prosper) that brings to Allah a sound heart".
While Abu Lahab bitterly opposed Islam, his wife, Umm-i-Jamil; a sister of Abu Sufyan, whose mention is also made in Sūrat al-Masad was no less and was hand in glove with her husband and left no stone unturned to pain Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The following reference narrated Jundub bin Sufyan shows how much she hated nephew of his husband:
Once Muhammad became sick and could not offer his night prayer (Tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then the wife of Abu Lahab came and said, "O Muhammad! I think that your Satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!" On that Allah revealed: 'By the fore-noon, and by the night when it darkens, your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither forsaken you, nor hated you.'
Thus this sūrah also makes a mention of twisted strands of Palm Fiber that in Hellfire shall be twisted around the neck of the wife of Abu Lahab, for the reason that she took great pride in wearing an ostentatious necklace she became known for and would slip by night to strew thorns and prickly plants in the Prophet’s path to injure his feet. As for the fate of Abu Lahab, it is said that "He died from a contagious disease and since his body gave off an unbearable, foul smell no one approached it. It was left for three days and at last, some slaves were hired to carry it out of Makkah. They watered it from a distance and then piled stones on top of it until it was buried." Photo | References: | 1 | 2 | 3 |
An effort has been made to gather explanation of the surahs of the Holy Qur'an from authentic souses and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. However, those wanting detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to sites the references of which are given above.
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