Three verses of Qur'an that form a coherent philosophy of ‘ilm "علم" (knowledge) in Islam

Man has always been in the quest of knowing things. For this he collects Information / facts, to broaden his mental base of understanding things through learning, studying or even experience. The process of learning and knowing is what we call knowledge. Another word correlated to knowledge is wisdom, which is the ability to use that knowledge with good judgment, insight, and understanding to make sound decisions, seeing the bigger picture and long-term consequences, making wisdom a deeper application of knowledge. That means merely seeking knowledge and not applying it to one's handling of affair is meaningless. 

Knowledge is "knowing what", while wisdom is knowing "when and why" to use it, often gained through experience, reflection, and empathy, unlike knowledge which comes from books or study. 

 Knowledge encompasses both worldly knowledge and religious knowledge. It’s not about shunning the world and only seeking knowledge of the deen. Neither is it about seeking knowledge of the world without the guidance of faith.

In Islam, knowledge is known as 'ilm (Arabic علم). Seeking knowledge is thus mandatory for every believer, 999rrrrfor without learning, understanding, applying and passing on one's experience so gained to others. the cycle of 'ilm (knowledge) remains incomplete. No other religion or ideological thought emphasises seeking knowledge as an obligatory deed as Islam does. The Prophet of Islam Muhammad ﷺ said: “Seeking Knowledge is an obligation on every Muslim ( طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ ).”

The importance of seeking 'good' knowledge that adds to one's wisdom has been stressed upon at man a places in Al Qur'an. Today, we share three verses from three different surahs of Qur'an and will try to know how these form a coherent Qur’anic philosophy of ‘ilm (knowledge). This we would do by asking three questions in sequence which will build a base for selecting three verses that answer our queries. These questions are:

• What does true knowledge do?
• Who truly possesses it?
• What inner state does it produce?

Based on the above three questions, let us see how do the following three verses (side by side) answer our queries:

• Surah Saba 34:6: “Those who have been given knowledge see that what has been sent down to you from your Lord is the Truth, and that it guides to the path of the Mighty, the Praiseworthy.”
• Surah Az-Zumar 39:9: “Say: Are those who know equal to those who do not know?”
• Surah Fatir 35:28: “Only those of His servants who have knowledge truly fear Allah.”

The Qur’an’s three-step definition of knowledge

The above quoted verses mean:

• The intellectual recognition (36:6) which leads to a believer to find and understand the truth
• The verse 39:9 brings about the moral distinctions between a knower and non-knower.
• Finding and knowing the truth has its spiritual outcome in the form of  Reverent awe (khashyah)

Together these show that ‘ilm is not neutral — it necessarily transforms perception, rank, and character.

Explanation of each verse

• If knowledge does not clarify truth, it is defective knowledge. The verse 36:6 stresses upon gaining knowledge as recognition (Basīrah) - recognizing the truth by seeing for knowledge here produces clarity, not confusion. The knowledge gained through reading and understanding Al Qur'an leads us to accept it as Al Haqq (The Complete truth) which leads us to following it.
• Knowledge helps us to differentiate between the truth and falsehood. The verse (49:9) thus dismantles the idea that ignorance and knowledge produce the same outcomes.
• Knowledge as reverent fear (Khashyah): This part of the Islamic philosophy of 'ilm needs to be understood in depth, for there is difference between fearing Allah because He will punish those who do not follow His path and reverent fear for more one knows Allah’s signs, power, and order, the more restrained and humble one becomes. Khashyah, thus, is not panic; it is awe grounded in understanding.

* Note: Scroll down to have an in depth explanation of "reverent fear / Khashah) and panic driven fear,

How the three verses complete each other

If we follow the logical flow , we would come to know that:

• Knowledge allows you to recognize truth (36:6) - Knowledge of Qur'an leads us to know Qur’an is not anti-intellect — it is anti-arrogant intellect.
• That recognition sets you apart (39:9)
• That distinction produces humility and obedience (35:28)

That is if any step is missing, the Qur’anic definition of knowledge collapses.

What the wise deduce from the comparison

The Qur’anic axiom: Knowledge that does not lead to truth-recognition, moral distinction, and reverent humility is not ‘ilm in the Qur’anic sense.

This explains: (1) Why advanced civilizations can still collapse (Surah Saba), (2) Why worship without understanding is shallow (39:9 context) and (3) Why information without humility breeds arrogance (35:28)

One-line synthesis

True knowledge sees the truth (34:6), elevates the knower (39:9), and humbles the heart (35:28).

How khashyah differs from fear in the Qur’an

We made a mention of reverent awe (Khashyah) above and herein under is its detailed explanation and comparison with panic driven fear /khawf خوف.

The Qur’an uses multiple words for fear, but they are not interchangeable. Among them, khashyah (خشية) occupies a unique and elevated position. Understanding this difference is essential to understanding Qur’anic spirituality and knowledge.

• Basic distinction
• Fear خَوف (khawf) - The basic form for "fear" meaning fear or apprehension. It also mean being dreaded or terrorized. Fear stems from a threat, danger or harm and is instinctive and emotional state of a person. It is generally because of one's weakness or uncertainty which makes one flee or hide to evade the chances of being harmed. Fear in Islam may mean fear of being thrown into the hell fire on the day of Judgement for one's sins and wrong doings committed in the worldly life.
• khashyah (خشية) - This form of fear stems from the awareness of greatness of the Lord of the World which one learns through knowledge and recognition. When one understand the awe of the Divine fear based on one's intellect and understanding, it draws one closer to one's Creator rather than running away for then one knows that in reverent fear is hidden the mercy of Allah. Such form of fear is restricted to people of knowledge (35:28).
• Linguistic root difference
• Fear (khawf – خوف): The root meaning is to be afraid of loss or harm. It is shared by humans, animals, even children. It can be be irrational, impulsive, or temporary.
• Khashyah (خشية): The root meaning is to fear due to awareness of magnitude. It is always connected to recognition, not instinct. It cannot exist without understanding who Allah is. This is why the Qur’an says: "إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ Only those of His servants who have knowledge truly fear Allah" 
• Psychological difference
  • Fear (khawf) Produces panic or avoidance and can paralyze action - but may disappear when danger seems gone
  • Khashyah on the other hand produces moral vigilance, deepens obedience and increases consistency, not anxiety
  • Psychological Difference: When one is fraught with fear of danger, the impulsive action tells the man, or even other living beings, to run, Khashyah says: “Be careful; you are before the Majestic.”

Knowledge as the condition of khashyah

This verse (35:28) does not say: (1) The most emotional fear Allah, or (2) The most anxious fear Allah. Rather it says: "The most knowledgeable fear Allah — with khashyah"

This implies that the more deeply one understands Allah’s power, justice, mercy, and order, the more careful, restrained, and humble one becomes.

Qur’anic usage pattern

• Fear (khawf) can be attributed to: Believers and disbelievers related to Worldly dangers and Shayṭān’s whispers (3:175)
• Khashyah is almost always linked to Allah, praised, never condemned and induces into man as a fruit of knowledge

Why the Qur’an prefers khashyah

It is because Allah does not want: (1) Terror without understanding, (2) Obedience born of panic. Instead it is expected of believer Submission rooted in recognition of truth and that hearts that are softened, not shattered

This aligns with: knowledge sees the truth (34:6), knowledge distinguishes (39:9) and knowledge produces khashyah (35:28) - that is Fear reacts to danger; khashyah responds to greatness.

Prophetic insight

The Prophet ﷺ said: “I am the one who knows Allah most among you, and I am the one who has the most khashyah of Him.”

This directly ties Knowledge with khashyah and Ignorance with fear.

Final reflection

• A person ruled by fear asks: “How do I escape punishment?”
• A person shaped by khashyah asks: “How do I remain worthy before the One who sees me?”

That is why the Qur’an elevates khashyah — and reserves it for those who truly know.

Thus Khashyah is the ultimate of knowledge with stems from acquiring knowledge, reflecting over Qur'an and understanding what and why Allah is saying something. Those who finally understand the end result are the ones who will finally succeed both in this world and the hereafter.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

Photo | Resource References: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

For more Q&A about Understanding Islam, please refer to our reference page: Understanding Islam - Frequently asked Q&A. You may also refer to our refference page: Scholars' Viewpoint on important issue related to Islam to know more about Islam.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on Social Media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Holy Qur'an - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

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Al Qur'an: Selected verses from Sürah (30) ’Ar-Rūm (The Romans)

In our series of posts on Selected verses from Selected Surahs of AL Qur'an, we share today the selected surahs from the 30th Surah of Al Qur'an labelled as Surah ’Ar-Rūm (The Romans (Arabic: الروم). The Surah consisting of 60 verses (āyāt) is part of the Juzʼ 21 having six Rukus.

The Surah was revealed during the stay of Prophet Muhammad in Makkah. This surah is remarkable because it connects faith with real historical events, showing that world history unfolds under divine control, not blind chance, for its central historical reference being the defeat and later victory of the Byzantine (Roman) Empire, as predicted in this Surah.

We have already shared the Tafseer / Exegesis of the Surah which can be read from links given below:

| Historical Background | Exegesis |

Herein under we will only present a condensed overview of the entire Sūrah, for the scope of this post is to only to introduce the Sūrah and provide links to some of the selected verses from this Sūrah for selective reading / references. The following bird eye view includes the context, major themes and subjects and lessons that we can learn from this Sūrah, followed by references to  some of the selected verses already published.

Period of Revelation

The period of the revelation of this Surah is determined absolutely by the historical event that has been mentioned at the outset. It says: "The Romans have been vanquished in the neighboring land." In those days the Byzantine occupied territories adjacent to Arabia were Jordan, Syria and Palestine, and in these territories the Romans were completely overpowered by the Iranians in 615 A. D. Therefore, it can be said with absolute certainty that this Surah was sent down in the same year. This was the same year in which the migration to Habash took place.

Readers may open our earlier post: Historical Background of revelation of Surah ’Ar-Rūm, in order to have a peep of the time when this Surah was revealed for better understanding of the Surah itself.

 Core significance of Surah Ar-Rūm

Allah governs history, nature, and human hearts; faith is aligned with reality, not detached from it. 

Some of the Important Verses of the Surah with brief explanation

• A unique Qur’anic prophecy (30:2–4)
• The Verse: The Romans have been defeated… but after their defeat they will overcome, within a few years.”
• Why this is significant: At the time, the Romans’ defeat seemed final, but the Qur’an publicly predicted their comeback and the prophecy was fulfilled within the stated timeframe
• Lesson: What looks irreversible to humans is never beyond Allah’s power.
• Today’s relevance: (1) Decline is not destiny, (2) Political or moral collapse is not permanent, and that (3)Hope must be anchored in Allah, not trends
• Victory and defeat are moral tests, not proof of truth (30:4–5)
• The Verse: “On that day the believers will rejoice—by the help of Allah.”
• Muslims rejoiced not because Romans were perfect. But because truth is not tied to immediate power.
• Lesson: Do not judge right and wrong by who is winning.
• Human shortsightedness (30:6–7)
• The Verse: “They know what is apparent of worldly life, but of the Hereafter they are heedless.”
• A timeless diagnosis: People master economics, politics, technology, yet neglect ultimate purpose and accountability
• Signs of Allah in nature and society (30:8–27)
• Surah Ar-Rūm repeatedly uses the phrase: “ومن آياته” – “And among His signs…”
• These signs include: (1) Creation of humans, (2) Diversity of languages and colors (30:22), (3) Love and mercy between spouses (30:21), and (4) Sleep, rain, life after death
• Lesson: Faith is rooted in reflection, not blind belief.
• Marriage as a spiritual sign (30:21)
• “He created for you spouses… and placed between you affection and mercy.”
• Significance: Marriage is not merely social, rather it is a sign of divine design. 
• Fiṭrah – the natural moral compass (30:30)
• The Verse: “Adhere to the fiṭrah of Allah upon which He created mankind.”
• This verse means Islam aligns with human nature, while corruption comes from deviation, not religion
• Corruption as a human-made problem (30:41)
• The Verse: “Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what people’s hands have earned.”
• A striking contemporary verse points towards Environmental damage, Social breakdown and Moral decay.
• Lesson: Crises are warnings, not accidents.
• Patience and long-term vision (30:60)
• The verse: “So be patient. Indeed, the promise of Allah is true.”
• This closes the surah by returning to its opening theme which tells that History moves slowly and the Truth prevails eventually

Surah Ar-Rūm teaches that Allah governs history and nature, worldly success is temporary, faith aligns with human nature, and patience anchored in divine promise is the key to navigating turbulent times.

Lessons for us today (in brief)

• Do not despair during decline
• Do not idolize power or progress
• Reflect on nature as a path to faith
• Protect fiṭrah in personal and social life
• See crises as moral wake-up calls
• Trust Allah’s timing

Selected verses explained

Now let us share herein some of the selected ayat / verses from this surah already shared:

• Verse 9: Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those who disbelieved?
• Verse 19: It is Allah Who brings forth the living from the dead and brings forth the dead from the living
• Verse 41: When does Evil become rife on land and sea
• Verse 60: Three verses which together form a complete Qur’anic framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength

In time we shall add more selected verses from this Surah for better understanding and awareness.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

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Three verses which together form a complete Qur’anic framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength

AL Qur'an is not only a Book of Guidance for the ordinaries, but is also a Book  of Wisdom for those who reflect over its verses deeply and connect different verses to find a hidden correlation. We have been sharing selected verses from various Surahs of Al Qur'an - but in this post we share three verses form different Surahs of Al Qur'an which together form a complete Qur’anic framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength.  Each verse covers one layer of reality, and when paired, they produce balance.

These verses are: Surah 30. Ar-Rum: 60, Surah 28. Al-Qasas: 56 and Surah 36. Ya-Sin: 82. Herein under we correlate 30:60 with other two verses and try to establish a framework for faith, Da'wah, and inner strength. Da'wah has been the sole responsibility of prophets and messengers of Allah. They faced stiff resistance in convincing the non believers to come to the way of one true God. Yet in most of the cases they could not succeed and felt demoralized. For their consolation, Allah told them that their responsibility was only to convey the Da'wah to the audience and then be patient for it is Allah who guides He wills. In this backdrop, now correlate the three verses and understand the Qur'anic framework.

Pairing 30:60 with 28:56 — Da'wah & Emotional Resilience

• The verses
• (28:56) - “You do not guide whom you love, but Allah guides whom He wills.”
• (30:60) “So be patient. Indeed, the promise of Allah is true. And do not let those who lack certainty weaken your resolve.”
• How these work together
• (28:56) Defines your limit, You cannot control guidance, Removes guilt, and Prevents arrogance
• (30:60) Defines your posture,  You must not lose resolve, Builds patience, and Builds patience.
• Da'wah Principle formed: Together these Convey sincerely, accept your limits, remain patient and stay firm despite rejection.
• Practical example: You explain Islam to someone and they reject it.
• 28:56 says: It was never your power
• 30:60 says: Do not let their doubt shake you
• The combination induces Emotional balance and spiritual maturity.

Pairing 30:60 with 36:82 — Faith & Certainty in Allah’s Power

• The verses
• (36:82): “When He intends a thing, He only says to it: ‘Be,’ and it is.”
• (30:60) “The promise of Allah is true… do not let the uncertain weaken you.”
• How these verses work together
• (Verse 36:82): Explains how Allah acts, that is Allah has the Absolute divine power, Allah has Instant Divine power, and His commands are instant
• (Verse 30:60) Explains how you should respond and require human patience when experiencing delays. This means extreme Perseverance at human level.
• Faith Principle formed: What Allah wills is effortless for Him but its realization / unfolding requires your patience.
• Practical example: Justice seems delayed, yet in time its unfolding surfaces exhibiting Divine wisdom. That means 36:82 says: It is effortless for Allah, and 30:60 says: So do not lose resolve. Remember Hope without illusion, patience without weakness.

All three verses together — A complete Qur’anic triangle

The above explanations this establishes a framework which envisages:

• 36:82  means Absolute Power rests with Allah
• 28:56  exhibits Human Limit (You / the inviter)
• 30:60  tells us Human Duty is to performed with Patience & firmness.

The Framework so established teaches us that (1) Allah has total control, (2) Humans have defined responsibility and that (3) Believers must maintain steadfast character

One-line synthesis

Allah has absolute power (36:82), guidance belongs to Him alone (28:56), and your role as an inviter is patient, unwavering faith without being shaken by doubt (30:60).

Why this pairing is powerful today

This framework of three verses is a must for all those involved in Da'wah. Its better understanding would:

• Prevent burnout in Da'wah.
• Protect from despair during injustice.
• Counter skepticism and mockery. and
• Build quiet, confident faith

Therefore , all believers Da'wah to the non Muslims must understand this framework so that they do not get dejected when confronted with a non receptive audience and have patience. Having extended Da'wah utilizing their best of abilities, they should leave to Allah for the results and have firm faith in doing so. This framework when understood completely boosts inner strength of the inviters to continue extending Da'wah and be rest assured that Allah will never fail them in their efforts.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Da'wah - The Invitation to Non-Muslims to Islam to know more Da'wah and its dynamics and modalities. You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

Ethical Guardrails for Da'wah - extending invitation to Islam

Da'wah (دعوة) literally means “to call, invite, or summon.” In Islam, it refers to inviting people—Muslims and non-Muslims alike—towards the truth of Islam with wisdom, sincerity, and good character. It is the duty of every Muslim to extend invitation to non Muslims to Islam. An exclusive mention to this sacred duty is mentioned in Al Qur'an:

“Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best manner.” (Qur’an 16:125)

However, this is not an easy task. Even chosen prophets found it difficult to extend invitation to the non believers who out rightly rejected following an unseen Divine Deity and preferred to follow the faith adopted by their forefathers. Sometimes the resistance can be so painful that Prophet Yunis (Jonah, عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) left his people utterly dejected, was swallowed by a giant fish and when repented for abandoning his given mission was accepted, he was thrown out on the land. And there he found that his people who denounced him had actually embraced the Divine path he taught to them.

(You may read the account of his apparently failed Da'wah already published by us and can be accessed from the link:  Prophet Younis (Jonah) and Allah's Displeasure)

Thus, those Muslims who take upon them the sacred duty of Da'wah must be fully prepared with the guardrails of Da'wah, have complete grasp over Islam and its edge over the religion being followed by their target audience. However, it must be borne in mind that their effort is only to extend an invitation to Islam and that is about all. Whether their audience accept their invitation or otherwise is the Divine realm for it is Allah who knows the best whom to bless guidance and whom not to.

With this premise, we now share the 56th verse of Surah 28. Al Qasas (The Stories) the context and explanation which would make us understand the guardrails of Da'wah and a completely un-emotional approach for extending invitation, for the inviter may get demoralized if he doesn't succeed in his effort to convince someone, specially if someone happens to be one's wordily protector and mentor.

The Verse

اِنَّكَ لَا تَهۡدِىۡ مَنۡ اَحۡبَبۡتَ وَلٰـكِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَهۡدِىۡ مَنۡ يَّشَآءُ​ؕ وَهُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِالۡمُهۡتَدِيۡنَ‏ 

“Indeed, you do not guide whom you love, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He knows best those who are guided.” (Qur’an 28:56)

A paired Daʿwah verse{ “So remind; you are only a reminder. You are not a controller over them.” (88:21–22) - This verse echoes 28:56 perfectly.

Immediate Historical Context (Why this verse was revealed)

This verse was revealed concerning the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his uncle Abū Ṭālib. It may be recalled that  Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was a born orphan as his father passed away before his birth and his mother too left him when the little boy was merely six years old. Thereafter, his uncle Abū Ṭālib took over his grooming for many years of life of  Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and stood by him when  Prophet Muhammad ﷺ proclaimed Islam and was the subject of extreme oppression by the polytheists of Makkah. Unfortunately, and despite utmost effort and motivation of his nephew, he did not embrace Islam and died upon the religion of his forefathers. This failure deeply effected  Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and rather demoralized him. It is at this stage of demoralization, the above quoted verse was revealed.

This verse came as consolation and clarification as we will explain herein under.

What is Da'wah?

Before we expand the meaning of the verse, we must understand what Da'wah really is:

Da'wah is the conscious, ethical effort to convey the message of Islam—its beliefs, values, and way of life—so that people may understand it clearly and freely choose their response, while guidance itself remains with Allah.

This means effort is by man and guidance is by Allah. 

What are the types of “guidance” 

The verse distinguishes between two types of guidance:

• Guidance of explanation (hidāyat al-bayān): This the part of the guidance which an inviter extends to the non Muslims by conveying to them to message of Islam, teaching them to clarify the truth contained in the verses of Qur'an. The Prophet ﷺ did this perfectly.
• Guidance of acceptance (hidāyat al-tawfīq): This is the part of guidance based on the Divine Wisdom. When one is Divinely invited to Islam, it opens even the most rigid and noncompromising hearts. They are this granted faith and enables them to accept the invitation. This part of guidance is in the exclusive domain of Allah. That is "It is not for any soul to believe except by Allah’s permission.” (10:100)

What the verse does NOT mean

When the revered prophet Muhammad ﷺ could not convince his dearest uncle to enter the fold of Islam, it did not mean that the Prophet ﷺ had failed, or that his preaching was pointless. Or in other words that human effort is irrelevant. Rather it meant that while one makes one's utmost effort to bring someone to accept Islam, the outcome of one's effort rests on Allah’s decision. Lucky are those whose hearts are opened Divinely to breath in the fresh air accompanying the message of Islam. Such are the blessed reverts.

Thus from this verse, we learn that Da'wah is not: (1) Forcing belief, (2) Winning arguments, or (3) Dominating others. For Da'wah is only invitation, not imposition.

Why this verse matters theologically

This verse makes the prophets and the later inviters to understand that:

• It protects pure Tawḥīd: That means no prophet, saint, or scholar controls guidance, grants faith for even the best of creation cannot. ensure this.
• It balances responsibility and reliance: While it is the duty of those involved in Da'wah to continue to call upon others to Islam,  it is Allah alone Who open and creates faith in the hearts

Ethical Guiderails of Da'wah

In the light of above explanation, let us see what are the ethical guiderails of Da'wah:

• Calling, not coercion: “There is no compulsion in religion.” (2:256) - that is Daʿwah respects human freedom and conscience.
• Conveying truth clearly: “Your duty is only to convey the message.” (42:48) - that is Success is measured by faithfulness, not numbers. One should therefore not resort to supplying false information which may later result into hatred rather than love for Islam.
• Wisdom and mercy: 
• Daʿwah must be: (1) Context-aware, (2) Gentle, (3) Patient and (4) Respectful. One must never ridicule the faith being followed by the target audience. Rather they should addressed respectfully, diginity and honour. For the Prophet ﷺ had advised: “Gentleness is not found in anything except that it beautifies it.” (Muslim)
• “Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best manner.” (Qur’an 16:125) This means that Da'wah is not: Forcing belief, Winning arguments or Dominating others - Rather, Da'wah is invitation, not imposition.
• Balance with effort — not passivity: The verse 28:56 does not promote laziness but firm commitment by not bowing to slight resistance or counter arguments. 
• No Burnouts: If the audience is nor receptive despite one's best effort, one should never lose patience and feel burnt-out for having failed. One should instead learn and apply different technique to make them understand their viewpoint.
• By words and by character: The strongest Dawah is often lived, not spoken. The Prophet ﷺ was described as “a walking Qur’an.”
• Da'wah is the sincere, wise, and ethical invitation to Allah’s way—through speech, action, and character—while leaving acceptance to Allah alone.
• Practical Dawah Applications Today: When someone doesn’t accept Islam, one should continue one's endeavours with kindness by maintaining integrity. 

What Da'wah is NOT

Da'wah is a simple, plain and selfless effort to spread the truth. It should not in any way be a (1) Political propaganda, (2) Cultural superiority, (3) Aggressive debate, or (4) Emotional manipulation. Remember: Da'wah loses its soul when it loses akhlaq - that is good conduct, including ethics, morals, character, manners, disposition. One of the basic rule of Da'wah is utter humility and never losing control of oneself and storming out of the Da'wah session.

Does this verse apply today?

Yes, absolutely. Today, the non Muslims are more aware of their religion than ever before. Not only that, they also know a lot more about Islam, though generally a misleading information being fed to them.

Thus this verse teaches that (1) Parents cannot force faith on children, (2) Scholars cannot control outcomes and that (3) Daʿwah is sincere effort, not guaranteed success.

However, those involved in Da'wah today are more aware of their mission and educated in modern techniques of motivation to press home their motivational talks to the audience. I once came across a video wherein the Da'wah team read before meeting their audience their culture and traditions and wore their native typical dress. This instantly made their audience listen to them for they felt at home talking to the inviters as if they were one of them. Instead of forcing the faith, they won their hearts by looking as one of them.

In summary, Surah 28:56 teaches that while humans convey truth, only Allah grants the inner acceptance of faith—reminding believers to strive sincerely without assuming control over hearts. There is no ego at stake if one is unsuccessful, as many a times prophets have hit the dead ends. Even the context of this verse shows that despite his best efforts, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ could not convince his uncle to follow the faith he was preaching to the polytheists. But this did not deter him to continue to extend Da'wah and a day came when Islam rose gracefully which continues this day.

Note: Readers may refer to a number of posts we have already published on Da'wah links given in our reference page: Da'wah - calling non Muslims to Islam

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah (28) Al-Qaṣaṣ ( القصص “The Stories”)  already published. You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

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Why Qārūn / Kārūn (Korah of Biblical times) Is mentioned in Al Qur'an

Nothing is mentioned in Al Qur'an, specially about the arrogant people and civilizations which faced the Divine wrath and perished - leaving behind ruins of their mighty building as traces of their might and punishment. Arrogance and false pride often results in destruction or deprivation when in stead of being thankful to one's Creator, one boasts of achievements or wealth so amassed to one's own efforts rather than a Divine blessing.

We find ruins of fallen empires scattered in deserts and wilderness showcasing their hollowness, robbed of their galore and might, due to their thankfulness - the ruins of mighty Roman Empire, 'Ad and Thamud, the Nabataean city of Petra (rose-red carved city) and well-preserved Roman cities such as Jerash (the "Pompeii of the East") and Umm Qais, plus Islamic Desert Castles like Qasr Amra (famous frescoes) and Qasr Kharana. But not seen among these are the individuals who also wielded their authority over the meek and the oppressed. But their mentioned is preserved in the Divine Scriptures and history books as a reminder for the coming generations to be humble and thankful rather than continuing their arrogance and be humbled to.

One of such persons mentioned in Al Qur'an is a person named Qārūn / Kārūn whom Allah blessed with immense wealth, yet he became arrogant and an oppressor rather than exhibiting humility and gratefulness. When he continued with his arrogance and thankfulness, he along with his entire wealth was engulfed in the desert sand, vanished forever but still being mentioned in history books and Al Qur'an too as a warning and caution for those who are thankless and arrogant. Mention of Qārūn / Kārūn   as "Korah" (Hebrew: קֹרַח‎ Qōraḥ, son of Izhar, is an individual appears in the Biblical Book of Numbers of the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible).

Verses 76-83 of Surah Al Qasas in Al Qur'an mentions Qārūn briefly with the intent of telling the coming generations about this man who wielded power because of his immense wealth but was finally punished for his thankfulness. 

Let us share the 76th verse from Surah 28. Al Qasas about the fate of this wealthy yet thankless man:

The Verse

اِنَّ قَارُوۡنَ كَانَ مِنۡ قَوۡمِ مُوۡسٰى فَبَغٰى عَلَيۡهِمۡ​ وَاٰتَيۡنٰهُ مِنَ الۡكُنُوۡزِ مَاۤ اِنَّ مَفَاتِحَهٗ لَـتَـنُوۡٓاُ بِالۡعُصۡبَةِ اُولِى الۡقُوَّةِ اِذۡ قَالَ لَهٗ قَوۡمُهٗ لَا تَفۡرَحۡ​ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الۡفَرِحِيۡنَ‏  

“Indeed, Qārūn was from the people of Mūsā, but he transgressed against them. We had given him such treasures that their keys would burden a group of strong men. When his people said to him, ‘Do not exult; indeed, Allah does not like the exultant.’” (Qur’an 28:76)

Who was Qārūn (Kārūn)? — Context

As mentioned in Al Qur'an, Qārūn was a first cousin of the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him). According to the account of descent given in Exodus, the fathers of the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) and Korah were real brothers. At another place in the Quran it has been stated that this man had joined with Pharaoh in spite of being an Israelite and become one of his favorites; so much so that one of the two ring leaders of opposition to Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) after Pharaoh was this same Korah: “We sent Moses to Pharaoh and Haman and Korah with Our signs and a clear authority of appointment, but they said: He is a sorcerer, a liar.” (Surah Al-Mumin: Ayats 23-24).

Qārūn was from Banī Isrā’īl (not Egyptian) was exceptionally wealthy but his crime was not wealth itself, but: Arrogance, exploitation and claiming superiority over his own people. He this became a symbol of corrupt wealth within an oppressed community.

Let us now explain the verse a little just to apprise the readers why he is been specifically mentioned in Al Qur'an as an example.

• “He transgressed against them” (بَغَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ): This phrase implies: (1) Abuse of wealth, (2) Economic injustice, (3) Social oppression, (4) Using power to dominate others. It may be said that Qārūn mirrored Pharaoh’s arrogance — but through money, not the throne.
• “Do not exult”: 
• The Arabic “lā tafraḥ لَا تَفۡرَحۡ” does not mean “do not be happy.” Rather it means: (1) Do not boast arrogantly, (2) Do not revel in pride, (3) Do not attribute success to yourself
• Compare this verse with: “Indeed, Allah does not like every arrogant boaster.” (31:18)

The mention of Qārūn in the following verses

It would be difficult to explain each of the following verses related to Qārūn, but just by listing each will give out the arrogance and the final fate of him, given herein under:

• (28:77) (People cautioned Qārūn by saying) Seek by means of the wealth that Allah has granted you the Abode of the Hereafter, but forget not your share in this world and do good as Allah has been good to you and do not strive to create mischief in the land, for Allah loves not those who create mischief."
• (28:78) He (Qārūn) replied: "All this has been given to me on account of a certain knowledge that I have." Did he not know that Allah had destroyed before him those who were stronger in might than he and were more numerous in multitude? The wicked are not asked about their acts of sin.
• (28:79) Once Korah went forth among his people in full glitter. Those seeking the life of this world said: "Would that we had the like of what Korah has! He truly has a great fortune."
• (28:80) But those endowed with true knowledge said: "Woe to you. The reward of Allah is best for those who believe and act righteously. But none except those who are patient shall attain to this
• (28:81) At last We caused the earth to swallow him and his house. Thereafter there was no group of people that could come to his aid against Allah; nor was he able to come to his own aid.
• (28:82) And those who had envied his position the day before began to say on the morrow: "Alas, we had forgotten that it is Allah Who increases the provision of those of His servants whom He will and grants in sparing measure to those whom He will. But for Allah's favour upon us, He could have made us to be swallowed too. Alas, we had forgotten that the unbelievers do not prosper."

* Note: Those wanting to read the tafseer/explanation of these verses may refer to our publication: Exegesis of Surah Al Qasas (Part II)

How the mention of Qārūn fits the flow of Surah Al-Qaṣaṣ

Surah Al-Qaṣaṣ presents three models of power - all rose to unmatchable positions yet they succumbed to their arrogance and thanklessness:

• Pharaoh was given extreme Political power but was destroyed when resisted Prophet Musa (Moses) in his prophethood mission and made his utmost to stop him and even kill him by the might of his army. He along with his army drowned and perished in is body is stisea - though his body is still found preserved as was promised by Allah.
• Hāmān was an administrative giant who committed atrocities and oppressed the poor at the behest of Pharaoh and was too destroyed.
• Qārūn, third of the most powerful man of Pharaoh's time who was bestowed with immense wealth and had become an economic giant but was too destroyed like Pharaoh and Haman for being thankless to his creator.
• This shows that all forms of arrogance finally collapse.

Why does Allah mention likes of Qārūn in Al Qur'an

The above explanation of the verse 77 and mention of the threesome, that is Pharaoh, Haman and Qārūn and their character shows the why. The mention of the three perfectly fits when arrogance, be due to power, administrative hold or wealth, becomes so strong that a man loses control over his faith and the truth that should show him who bestowed upon these positions and why. For a rationale man, one blessings beyond one's perception should induce humility and thankfulness rather than arrogance, false pride and thanklessness. When a man loses sight of his Bestower and boasts of his achievements saying  "All this has been given to me on account of a certain knowledge that I have," then the Creator shows His anger for their faithlessness and shows His wrath to them. And this exactly what happened to the three men mentioned above.

Do (likes of ) Qārūn still exist today?

Yes, they still do but not as a person, but as a mindset and a system. In fact the three "qualities" of Pharaoh, Haman and Qārūn combined together are found in some of the powerful countries of the world. Instead of rendering helping hand to the oppressed and needy, their mindset is that of an arrogant thankless man to boast of their power and become masters of the oppressed rather than saviours.

For example, modern forms of Qārūn are the economically powerful countries who: Hoard wealth, and use it to exploit the weak and disconnect wealth from moral responsibility. We have seen wheat being thrown into sea being surplus in one country while millions starve and die everyday of hunger and scarcity of food. The power politics take precedence over helping others and freeing the oppressed.

These economic giants are the modern day Qārūn, being closely watched Divinely and the Divine patience is not unlimited. When oppressions exceeds beyond a tolerable line, nations and civilizations fall and men like Qārūn perish as did Qārūn when he along with his entire wealth was engulfed by desert sand and gone forever.

Surah 28:76, and its following verses up to verse 82, teaches that wealth without humility turns a person into a tyrant like Qārūn, and while the man is gone, his mindset still exists wherever riches produce arrogance and injustice.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may refer to more Selected Verses from Sürah (28) Al-Qaṣaṣ ( القصص “The Stories”)  already published. You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

If you like Islam: My Ultimate Decision, and to keep yourself updated on all our latest posts to know more about Islam, follow us on Facebook. You may also refer to our Facebook  Group Islam: The Ultimate Truth for more on Islam and Da'wah.

Follow @IslamUltimate

Please share this page to your friends and family members through Facebook, WhatsApp or any means on social media so that they can also be benefited by it and better understand Islam and the Qur'ān - Insha Allah (Allah Willing) you shall be blessed with the best of both worlds.

Read More

Al Qur'an: Selected verses from Sürah (28) Al-Qaṣaṣ (“The Stories”)

Sürah Al-Qaṣaṣ, (Arabic: القصص) meaning “The Stories” is the 28th Surah / Chapter with 88 ayat/verses, part of Juzʼ 20 of Al Qur'an. The Surah takes its name from verse 25 in which the word Al-Qasas occurs. Lexically, qasas means to relate events in their proper sequence. Thus, from the viewpoint of the meaning too, this word can be a suitable title for this Surah, for the detailed story of the Prophet Musa (Moses عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) has been related in it and draws lessons about power, oppression, divine planning, and ultimate justice.. It also includes the story of Qarun, the notorious rich man, in verses 76 to 83, explaining how Qarun was proud of himself thinking that his huge wealth was earned by his own science, denying the grace of God on him, and being destroyed by God later with his wealth underground.

We have already shared the Tafseer / Exegesis of the Surah which can be read from links given below: 

| Overview | Exegesis Part I | Exegesis Part II |

Herein under we will only present a condensed overview of the entire Sūrah, for the scope of this post is to only to introduce the Sūrah and provide links to some of the selected verses from this Sūrah for selective reading / references. The following bird eye view includes the context, major themes and subjects and lessons that we can learn from this Sūrah, followed by references to  some of the selected verses already published.

Core Theme of Surah Al-Qaṣaṣ

Allah controls history, power, and outcomes—He supports the oppressed, humbles tyrants, and fulfills His promises in ways humans cannot foresee.

The surah reassures believers that: (1) Oppression is temporary, (2) Divine planning is subtle but decisive, and (3) Worldly power and wealth are tests, not signs of truth.

Major Themes

• Divine Plan vs. Human Power: Pharaoh represents absolute tyranny; While Prophet Musa represents weakness backed by Allah. It shows what humans plan to destroy, Allah may raise to leadership.
• Support of the Oppressed (Mustadʿafīn): A defining Qur’anic principle: Allah sides with the oppressed when they remain faithful.
• Wealth as a Trial (Story of Qārūn): Material success without gratitude leads to arrogance and destruction.
• Migration (Hijrah) and Trust in Allah: Prophet Musa’s flight from Egypt mirrors the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)’s coming Hijrah from Makkah.
• True Guidance comes only from Allah: Even prophets cannot guide whom they love without Allah’s will.

Some of the Most Important Verses

• 28:4 – Nature of Tyranny: “Indeed Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a group among them…” A timeless description of how tyrants rule: divide, weaken, and oppress.
• 28:5–6 – Promise to the Oppressed: “We intended to favor those who were oppressed in the land and make them leaders and inheritors.” - One of the strongest Qur’anic assurances of divine justice.
• 28:7 – Trust in Allah: “Do not fear, nor grieve. Indeed, We will return him to you and make him among the messengers.” - Allah reassures Prophet Musa’s mother—faith before miracles.
• 28:14 – Wisdom before Prophethood: “And when he reached maturity and was established, We bestowed upon him wisdom and knowledge.” - Preparation precedes responsibility.
• 28:21 – Reliance on Allah: “So he left it, fearful and vigilant. He said, ‘My Lord, save me from the wrongdoing people.’” - Duʿāʾ at moments of fear.
• 28:26 – Trustworthiness & Strength: “Indeed, the best one you can hire is the strong and the trustworthy.” A Qur’anic principle for leadership and employment.
• 28:56 – Guidance is from Allah Alone: “Indeed, you do not guide whom you love, but Allah guides whom He wills.” Consolation to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ regarding his uncle Abū Ṭālib.
• 28:76–82 – The Story of Qārūn: 
• “Do not exult. Indeed, Allah does not like the exultant.” (28:76) - That is wealth without humility leads to ruin.
• Qārūn is mentioned as Korah (Hebrew: קֹרַח‎ Qōraḥ, son of Izhar, is an individual who appears in the Biblical Book of Numbers of the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible), known for leading a rebellion against Prophet Moses. 
• 28:83 – Final Moral Principle: “That home of the Hereafter We assign to those who do not seek exaltedness or corruption on earth.” The concluding ethical criterion of success.

Why this surah is especially relevant today

This Surah is extraordinarily relevant today for the tyranny and suppression of the poor nations at the hands of the rich and powerful nations is at increase. Even in the face of declining justice system in many a country, the oppressed are being persecuted at the hands of the rich and powerful. Thus this Surah:

• Speaks to people facing injustice, authoritarianism, and inequality
• Warns against equating wealth or power with truth
• Teaches patience, trust, and moral integrity under pressure

Surah Al-Qaṣaṣ therefore teaches that Allah’s plan prevails over tyranny, true success lies in humility and faith, and the oppressed—if steadfast—will ultimately inherit dignity and leadership.

Now let us share herein under some of the selected ayat / verses from this surah already published:

• Verse 16: My Lord! I have indeed inflicted wrong on myself, so do forgive me
• Verse 24: My Lord, I am truly in great need of any good that You might send down to me
• Verse 56: Ethical Guardrails for Da'wah - extending invitation to Islam
• Verse 76: Do not show conceit for Allah does not like the conceited
• Verse 77: Desire not corruption in the land for Allah does not like the corrupter
• Verse 77: Seek an abode in the Hereafter - but forget not your share in this world
• Verses 77-82: Why Qārūn / Kārūn  (Korah of Biblical times)  Is mentioned in Al Qur'an

In time we will add more verses and their explanation, In Sha Allah.

May Allāh (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which is embodiment of commandments of Allah contained in the Qur'ān. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

وَمَا عَلَيۡنَاۤ اِلَّا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

(36:17) and our duty is no more than to clearly convey the Message.”

That is Our duty is only to convey to you the message that Allah has entrusted us with. Then it is for you to accept it or reject it. We have not been made responsible for making you accept it forcibly, and if you do not accept it, we shall not be seized in consequence of your disbelief, you will yourselves be answerable for your actions on Day of Resurrection.

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

Reading the Qur'ān should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. It will also help the Muslims to have grasp over social issues and their answers discussed in the Qur'an and other matter related to inter faith so that they are able to discuss issues with non-Muslims with authority based on refences from Qur'an.

Note: When we mention God in our posts, we mean One True God, we call Allah in Islam, with no associates. Allah is the Sole Creator of all things, and that Allah is all-powerful and all-knowing. Allah has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics of human life.

You may also refer to our exclusive reference page: Selected verses from selected Surahs of Al-Qurʾān for compiled verses from other surahs.

For verses on Selected Subjects, please refer to our reference page: Selected Verses from Al Qur'an about a Specific Subject (Reference Page) to know more about what Qur'an says about specific subjects and our reference page: Selected Verses from the Qur'an. .

You may also refer to our Reference Pages  and Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

Photo | Resource Reference: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs and selected verses of Al-Qurʾān from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that the exegesis of the chapters of the Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.  

In addition, other sources which have been explored and views of other scholars have been incorporated while explaining meaning of a verse. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites. For expansion of meaning and themes / contextual background help from ChatGPT is also taken.

Disclaimer: The material for this post has been collected from the references given above. If anyone differs with the material contained in this post, one may consult the references and their authors.  If someone has more material about the subject, he/she is most welcome to share in the comments box to make the post all encompassing.

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